Galatians 3:13-14

Greek Key Terms:

• G1805 ἐξαγοράζω (exagorazo) - redeem, buy back, ransom
• G2671 κατάρα (katara) - curse, cursed thing
• G1096 γίνομαι (ginomai) - become, come to be
• G2910 κρεμάννυμι (kremannymi) - hang, suspend
• G3586 ξύλον (xylon) - tree, wood, cross
• G2129 εὐλογία (eulogia) - blessing

Context: The climax of Paul's argument that justification is by faith, not law-works. Having proven all under law are under curse (v. 10) and that no one is justified by law (v. 11), Paul now reveals the solution: Christ "redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us."

OT-to-OT Development:

• Paul synthesizes three OT texts in this argument:
• Deuteronomy 27:26 - "Cursed is everyone who does not abide by all things written in the Book of the Law" (Gal 3:10)
• Habakkuk 2:4 - "The righteous shall live by faith" (Gal 3:11)
• Deuteronomy 21:23 - "Cursed is everyone who is hanged on a tree" (Gal 3:13)
• This interpretive synthesis follows the OT pattern of "interpretive blends" where later texts combine earlier texts to reveal deeper theological truth

Connections:

• TO:
• Deuteronomy 27:26 - curse on covenant-breakers
• Deuteronomy 21:23 - cursed hung on tree
• Genesis 12:3 - Abrahamic blessing to nations
• FROM OT:
• Isaiah 53:4-6 - He bore our sins
• Zechariah 13:7 - strike the shepherd
• FROM NT:
• Romans 8:3 - God condemned sin in the flesh
• 2 Corinthians 5:21 - He became sin for us
• 1 Peter 2:24 - He bore our sins on the tree

Christological Connection: Christ's death on the cross was not merely Roman execution but divine penal substitution. By being "hanged on a tree," Christ became the cursed one of Deuteronomy 21:23, bearing the comprehensive covenant curse of Deuteronomy 27:26 that falls on all who fail to keep "all things written in the Book of the Law." The infinitely valuable person of the God-man could bear in finite time the infinite curse deserved by all who would believe. The purpose clause (v. 14) reveals the double result: (1) "that in Christ Jesus the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles" (fulfilling Gen 12:3), and (2) "so that we might receive the promised Spirit through faith" (fulfilling Jer 31:33; Ezek 36:27). Christ's curse-bearing is the hinge between the Mosaic covenant of curse and the Abrahamic/New covenant of blessing.

Connection Method(s): Typology (Providential, Backward-Looking), Promise-Fulfillment — Christ's crucifixion on the tree fulfills the curse formula of Deuteronomy 21:23 as sovereignly arranged penal substitution, while His curse-bearing secures the fulfillment of the Abrahamic blessing-promise to all nations (Genesis 12:3).

Trajectory Table: 164 - Two Covenants (Law and Promise)