John 19:33-37 to Leviticus Rabbah 15:2

NT Text: John 19:33-37

OT Source(s):

• Leviticus Rabbah 15:2 on Leviticus 13:2 (blood and water = fully human)
• 1 John 5:6-8 (testimony of water and blood)
• Exodus 17:6 ("Strike the rock, and water will come out")
• m. Pesah. 5:5-8; cf. m. Ohal. 3:5 (Passover allusion: hyssop, unbroken bones, mingled blood)
• Psalms 34:20 (bones not broken—see 19:36 below)
• Zechariah 12:10 (piercing—see 19:37 below)

Source: No public domain commentary confirmation available (extrabiblical reference)

Reference Type: Allusion

Connection Method(s): Typology + Promise-Fulfillment

Significance: When soldiers came to Jesus and saw already dead, didn't break legs but one pierced side with spear; at once blood and water came out (19:34). Flow of blood and water indicates Jesus died as fully human being (Leviticus Rabbah 15:2 on Leviticus 13:2; cf. 1 John 5:6-8). John may also be alluding to Exodus 17, especially v. 6: "Strike the rock, and water will come out for the people to drink" (cf. Numbers 20:11; Carson).