Text: 1 Kings 19:11
OT Text Referred to: Exodus 33:21
Subject: personal theophany on the mountain
Source: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Analogy
Significance: Both passages place a prophet in a cleft of the rock on Horeb/Sinai as God passes by. In Exodus 33:21, God tells Moses to stand "on the rock" (עַל־הַצּוּר, 'al hatsur) while His glory passes by, protecting Moses in the cleft. In 1 Kings 19:11, Elijah stands at the entrance of a cave on "the mountain of God" as the LORD passes by in wind, earthquake, fire, and then a "still small voice" (קוֹל דְּמָמָה דַקָּה, qol demamah daqqah). The deliberate paralleling of location, posture, and divine passing casts Elijah as a new Moses figure, though the mode of revelation differs — where Moses saw God's glory, Elijah heard God's whisper, suggesting a different mode of divine presence in a time of prophetic crisis.
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Text: Exodus 33:21
OT Text Referred to: 1 Kings 19:11
Subject: mountain theophany
Source: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Analogy
Significance: Exodus 33:21 records the LORD telling Moses to "stand on the rock" (עַל הַצּוּר, al hatstsur) while God's glory passes by, and 1 Kings 19:11 directs Elijah to "stand on the mountain before the LORD" at the same location—Horeb/Sinai. Both theophanies involve a prophet standing at a designated position while the LORD's presence passes (עָבַר, avar). The deliberate parallel casts Elijah as a second Moses experiencing a renewed Sinai theophany, though with a crucial difference: while Moses encountered glory and received the attribute formula (Exod 34:6), Elijah encounters wind, earthquake, and fire followed by a "still small voice" (קוֹל דְּמָמָה דַקָּה, qol demamah daqqah), suggesting a different mode of divine self-revelation.