Text: Isaiah 53:10
OT Text Referred to: Leviticus 5:14
Subject: servant as guilt offering
Source: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Typology + Longitudinal Theme
Anchor Text: Isa 52:13-53:12 — The Suffering Servant
Significance: Isaiah 53:10 declares that the Servant's life is made "a guilt offering" (אָשָׁם, asham), a specific sacrificial term drawn from the Levitical legislation in Leviticus 5:14ff. The asham was the offering required for violations against holy things or for cases where restitution was needed — the offerer had to restore what was taken plus one-fifth (Lev 5:16). By identifying the Servant's suffering as an asham, Isaiah portrays his death not merely as general atonement but as providing restitution for the specific debt of sin, compensating God for what sin has stolen from His glory. The Servant bears both the penalty and the restitution cost that Leviticus 5 prescribes.
Consolidated 2026-06-09 per the later-text → earlier-text canonical-direction ruling (Full Corpus Audit, Phase 0). The content below is preserved verbatim from the deleted file "Leviticus 5.14 to Isaiah 53.10"; fold unique material into the Significance during the Phase 3 IP audit, then remove this section.
Text: Leviticus 5:14
OT Text Referred to: Isaiah 53:10
Subject: servant as guilt offering
Source: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Typology
Anchor Text: Isa 52:13-53:12 — The Suffering Servant
Significance: Leviticus 5:14-19 establishes the guilt offering (אָשָׁם, asham) for violations against the LORD's holy things — trespass requiring restitution plus a twenty percent surcharge, with the offering of a ram without blemish. Isaiah 53:10 applies this precise sacrificial category to the Suffering Servant: "the LORD was pleased to crush Him... when His soul makes an offering for guilt (אָשָׁם)." By identifying the Servant's death as an אָשָׁם, Isaiah transforms the Levitical guilt offering from an animal sacrifice into a personal, voluntary self-offering. The asham specifically addresses trespass requiring restitution — the Servant's death is thus portrayed not merely as substitutionary punishment but as restorative compensation, making right what Israel's sin damaged.
Consolidated 2026-06-09 (pass #2 — verse-range variant) per the later-text → earlier-text canonical-direction ruling. The content below is preserved verbatim from the deleted file "Leviticus 5.14-6 to Isaiah 53.10"; fold unique material into the Significance during the Phase 3 IP audit, then remove this section.
Text: Leviticus 5:14-6
OT Text Referred to: Isaiah 53:10
Subject: Suffering Servant as guilt offering (asham)
Source: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Typology
Anchor Text: Isa 52:13-53:12 — The Suffering Servant
Significance: Leviticus 5:14-6:7 provides the comprehensive guilt offering (אָשָׁם, asham) legislation: when someone sins against the LORD's holy things or defrauds a neighbor, full restitution plus a twenty percent surcharge must be made, accompanied by an unblemished ram. Isaiah 53:10 declares that the Suffering Servant's soul is made an אָשָׁם (guilt offering), directly appropriating this Levitical category for the Servant's vicarious death. The asham is distinctive among the Levitical sacrifices because it uniquely requires restitution — making right what was taken or violated. By identifying the Servant as an asham, Isaiah presents the Servant's suffering as accomplishing both atonement and restoration, compensating for the "trespass" Israel committed against God's holiness.