Text: Isaiah 63:10
OT Text Referred to: Psalm 78:40
Subject: rebelled and grieved him
Source: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Analogy
Significance: Isaiah 63:10 states that Israel "rebelled (מָרוּ, maru) and grieved (עִצְּבוּ, itsevu) His Holy Spirit," while Psalm 78:40 uses nearly identical language: "How often they rebelled (יַמְרוּהוּ, yamruhu) against Him in the wilderness and grieved (יַעֲצִיבוּהוּ, ya'atsibuhu) Him in the desert!" Both passages use the roots מרה (marah, "rebel") and עצב (atsav, "grieve/pain"), and both locate Israel's rebellion in the wilderness wandering period. Isaiah's distinctive contribution is identifying the object of grieving as "His Holy Spirit" (רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֹ, ruach qodsho) — one of only three OT occurrences of this phrase — personalizing the divine grief beyond what the Psalm expresses.