Introduction
Overview
Exodus 28 . 1 , Aaron and his sons are set apart for the priest’s office; Exodus 28 . 2 , Holy garments are appointed; Exodus 28 . 6 , The ephod and girdle; Exodus 28 . 15 , The breast-plate with twelve precious stones; Exodus 28 . 30 , The Urim and Thummim; Exodus 28 . 31 , The robe of the ephod , with pomegranates and bells; Exodus 28 . 36 , The plate of the mitre; Exodus 28 . 39 , The embroidered coat; Exodus 28 . 40 , The garments for Aaron’s sons.
take . Leviticus 8 . 2 , Numbers 16 . 9-11 , Numbers 17 . 2-9 , 2 Chronicles 26 . 18-21 , Hebrews 5 . 1-5
among . Exodus 28 . 41 , Exodus 29 . 1 , Exodus 29 . 9 , Exodus 29 . 44 , Exodus 30 . 30 , Exodus 31 . 10 , Exodus 35 . 19 , Numbers 18 . 7 , Deuteronomy 10 . 6 , 1 Chronicles 6 . 10 , 2 Chronicles 11 . 14 , Luke 1 . 8
Nadab . Exodus 6 . 23 , Exodus 24 . 1 , Exodus 24 . 9 , Leviticus 10 . 1 , Leviticus 10 . 12 , Numbers 2 . 4 , Numbers 26 . 61 , 1 Chronicles 24 . 1-4
Reciprocal . Leviticus 7 . 35 . he presented Numbers 3 . 2 . General Numbers 16 . 5 . even him Deuteronomy 18 . 5 . General 1 Samuel 2 . 28 . And did I 1 Chronicles 6 . 3 . Nadab 1 Chronicles 6 . 50 . Eleazar 1 Chronicles 23 . 13 . separated Psalm 105 . 26 . Aaron Psalm 115 . 10 . General Joel 1 . 9 . the Lord's Hebrews 5 . 4 . General Hebrews 7 . 5 . who Hebrews 8 . 2 . minister
holy garments . Exodus 29 . 5-9 , Exodus 29 . 29 , Exodus 29 . 30 , Exodus 31 . 10 , Exodus 39 . 1 , Exodus 39 . 2 , Exodus 40 . 13 , Leviticus 8 . 7-9 , Leviticus 8 . 30 , Numbers 20 . 26-28 , Psalm 132 . 9 , Psalm 132 . 16 , Isaiah 61 . 3 , Isaiah 61 . 10 , Isaiah 64 . 6 , Zechariah 3 . 3 , Zechariah 3 . 4 , Romans 3 . 22 , Romans 13 . 14 , Galatians 3 . 27 , Hebrews 7 . 26 , Revelation 19 . 8
glory . Exodus 28 . 40 , Exodus 19 . 5 , Exodus 19 . 6 , Numbers 27 . 20 , Numbers 27 . 21 , Job 40 . 10 , Psalm 90 . 16 , Psalm 90 . 17 , Psalm 96 . 6 , Psalm 149 . 4 , Isaiah 4 . 2 , Jeremiah 9 . 23 , Jeremiah 9 . 24 , John 1 . 14 , 1 Corinthians 1 . 30 , 1 Corinthians 1 . 31 , Hebrews 2 . 9 , 2 Peter 1 . 17 , 1 John 3 . 2 , Revelation 5 . 10 , Revelation 19 . 8
Reciprocal . Genesis 27 . 15 . goodly raiment Exodus 39 . 41 . the holy Leviticus 8 . 2 . garments Leviticus 16 . 4 . holy linen coat Leviticus 21 . 10 . consecrated 2 Kings 10 . 22 . vestments Psalm 105 . 26 . Aaron Zechariah 3 . 5 . fair
wise hearted . Exodus 31 . 3-6 , Exodus 35 . 30 , Exodus 35 . 35 , Exodus 36 . 1 , Exodus 36 . 2 , Proverbs 2 . 6 , Isaiah 28 . 24-26
filled . Deuteronomy 34 . 9 , Isaiah 11 . 2 , 1 Corinthians 12 . 7-11 , Ephesians 1 . 17 , James 1 . 17
Reciprocal . Exodus 29 . 1 . to minister Exodus 29 . 29 . holy Exodus 30 . 30 . consecrate Exodus 31 . 6 . wise hearted Exodus 35 . 25 . General Isaiah 28 . 26 . For his God
a breastplate . Choshen , in Hebrew is used for the square breast-plate of the high priest , in which were set twelve precious stones , each being engraved with the name of one of the sons of Jacob. Exodus 28 . 15 , Exodus 39 . 8-21 , Isaiah 59 . 17 , Ephesians 6 . 14 , 1 Thessalonians 5 . 8 , Revelation 9 . 17
ephod . The ephod seems to have been a short cloak , without sleeves. Exodus 28 . 6-14 , Exodus 39 . 2-5 , Exodus 39 . 21 , Exodus 39 . 22 , Leviticus 8 . 7 , Leviticus 8 . 8 , 1 Samuel 2 . 18 , 1 Samuel 22 . 18 , 1 Samuel 23 . 6 , 1 Samuel 30 . 7 , 2 Samuel 6 . 14
a robe . The word meil , from âlah , to ascend , go up on , may be considered as an upper garment that goes up or over the rest , a surtout. Exodus 28 . 31-34 , Exodus 39 . 25 , Exodus 39 . 26
broidered . Exodus 28 . 29 , Exodus 28 . 40 , Leviticus 8 . 7
a mitre . Exodus 39 . 28 , Leviticus 8 . 9
a girdle . Isaiah 11 . 5
Reciprocal . Exodus 25 . 7 . ephod Exodus 28 . 37 . the mitre it Exodus 28 . 39 . embroider Exodus 28 . 41 . minister Exodus 29 . 29 . holy Leviticus 8 . 13 . coats Leviticus 16 . 4 . holy linen coat Leviticus 16 . 24 . his garments Judges 17 . 5 . ephod 1 Samuel 2 . 19 . a little coat 1 Samuel 2 . 28 . And did I Hosea 3 . 4 . ephod
gold . Exodus 25 . 3 , Exodus 25 . 4 , Exodus 39 . 2 , Exodus 39 . 3
Reciprocal . Exodus 35 . 6 . blue Ezekiel 16 . 10 . broidered Revelation 15 . 6 . clothed
linen . Exodus 26 . 1
Reciprocal . Exodus 25 . 7 . ephod Exodus 28 . 4 . ephod Exodus 28 . 15 . after Exodus 35 . 6 . blue Exodus 39 . 2 . General Leviticus 8 . 7 . the ephod Judges 8 . 27 . an ephod 1 Samuel 2 . 28 . And did I 1 Samuel 21 . 9 . behind 1 Chronicles 22 . 15 . all manner Revelation 1 . 13 . and girt
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 12 . the shoulders Exodus 28 . 25 . on the shoulder pieces
curious . or , embroidered , Exodus 28 . 27 , Exodus 28 . 28 , Exodus 29 . 5 , Exodus 39 . 20 , Exodus 39 . 21 , Leviticus 8 . 7 , Isaiah 11 . 5 , 1 Peter 1 . 13 , Revelation 1 . 13
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 39 . the girdle Exodus 39 . 5 . curious
onyx . Exodus 28 . 20 , Exodus 39 . 13 , Genesis 2 . 12 , Job 28 . 16 , Ezekiel 28 . 13
grave . Exodus 28 . 36 , Exodus 39 . 6 , 2 Chronicles 2 . 7 , Song of Solomon 8 . 6 , Isaiah 49 . 16
Reciprocal . Exodus 25 . 7 . Onyx stones Exodus 28 . 17 . thou shalt Exodus 28 . 21 . twelve Exodus 31 . 5 . General Exodus 32 . 4 . a graving Exodus 35 . 9 . General
according to their birth . Exodus 1 . 1-4, Genesis 43 . 33
Reciprocal . Ezekiel 10 . 9 . a beryl
engravings of a signet . Exodus 28 . 21 , Exodus 28 . 36 , Jeremiah 22 . 24 , Zechariah 3 . 9 , Ephesians 1 . 13 , Ephesians 4 . 30 , 2 Timothy 2 . 19 , Revelation 7 . 2
ouches of gold . Exodus 28 . 13 , Exodus 28 . 14 , Exodus 28 . 25 , Exodus 39 . 6 , Exodus 39 . 13 , Exodus 39 . 18
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 17 . thou shalt Exodus 32 . 4 . a graving 2 Kings 22 . 6 . carpenters Job 19 . 24 . graven
the shoulders . Exodus 28 . 7 , Psalm 89 . 19 , Isaiah 9 . 6 , Isaiah 12 . 2 , Zechariah 6 . 13 , Zechariah 6 . 14 , Hebrews 7 . 25-28
Aaron shall bear . Exodus 28 . 29 , Exodus 39 . 6 , Exodus 39 . 7
for a memorial . Exodus 12 . 14 , Exodus 13 . 9 , Exodus 39 . 7 , Genesis 9 . 12-17 , Leviticus 24 . 7 , Numbers 16 . 40 , Numbers 31 . 54 , Joshua 4 . 7 , Isaiah 62 . 6 , Zechariah 6 . 14 , Luke 1 . 54 , Luke 1 . 72 , Acts 10 . 4
Reciprocal . Genesis 9 . 15 . remember Job 19 . 24 . graven Job 31 . 36 . I Psalm 105 . 26 . Aaron Hebrews 9 . 24 . appear
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 11 . ouches of gold Exodus 28 . 20 . enclosings Exodus 39 . 8 . General
chains of . Exodus 28 . 24 , Exodus 39 . 15
of wreathen . Exodus 28 . 22-25 , Exodus 39 . 17 , Exodus 39 . 18 , 1 Kings 7 . 17 , 2 Kings 25 . 17 , 2 Chronicles 4 . 12 , 2 Chronicles 4 . 13
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 11 . ouches of gold Exodus 28 . 25 . wreathen chains 1 Kings 7 . 18 . General Jeremiah 52 . 22 . with network
the breastplate . Exodus 28 . 4 , Exodus 28 . 30 , Exodus 39 . 8 , Leviticus 8 . 8
after . Exodus 28 . 6 , Exodus 26 . 1
Reciprocal . Exodus 25 . 7 . ephod Exodus 26 . 31 . cunning work Exodus 28 . 29 . in the Exodus 31 . 4 . General Exodus 35 . 6 . blue Judges 17 . 5 . ephod Song of Solomon 7 . 1 . the work
Reciprocal . Exodus 39 . 10 . the first row
thou shalt . Exodus 28 . 9 , Exodus 28 . 11 , Exodus 39 . 10-21 , Malachi 3 . 17
set in it settings of stones . Heb. fill in its fillings of stone
the first row . Ezekiel 28 . 13 , Revelation 21 . 19-21
a sardius . or , ruby , The Hebrew odem , from adam , to be red , ruddy , seems to denote the ruby; as adam does in Persian a beautiful gem , of a fine deep red colour , with a mixture of purple. Job 28 . 18 , Proverbs 3 . 15 , Proverbs 8 . 11 , Proverbs 20 . 15 , Proverbs 31 . 10 , Lamentations 4 . 7
a topaz . Pitdah , is constantly rendered by the LXX פןנבזיןם , and Vulgate , topazius , with which agrees Josephus. The topaz is a precious stone , of a pale , dead green , with a mixture of yellow , sometimes of a fine yellow; and hence called chrysolyte by the moderns , from its gold colour. Job 28 . 19; Revelation 21 . 20
a carbuncle . Bareketh , from barak , to lighten , glitter , a very elegant gem , of a deep red colour , with a mixture of scarlet. Isaiah 54 . 11 , Isaiah 54 . 12
Reciprocal . Exodus 35 . 9 . General 1 Chronicles 29 . 2 . onyx stones
emerald . Nophech , an emerald , the same with the ancient smaragdus; one of the most beautiful of all the gems , and of a bright green colour , without any mixture. Exodus 39 . 11 , Ezekiel 27 . 16
sapphire . Exodus 24 . 10 , Job 28 . 6 , Job 28 . 16 , Song of Solomon 5 . 14 , Ezekiel 1 . 26 , Ezekiel 10 . 1 , Revelation 4 . 3
diamond . Jeremiah 17 . 1 , Ezekiel 28 . 13
a ligure . Exodus 39 . 12
an agate . Isaiah 54 . 12
a beryl . Ezekiel 1 . 16 , Ezekiel 10 . 9 , Daniel 10 . 6 , Revelation 21 . 20
an onyx . Exodus 28 . 9
a jasper . Revelation 4 . 3 , Revelation 21 . 11 , Revelation 21 . 18-20
enclosings . Heb. fillings , Exodus 28 . 13
Reciprocal . Genesis 2 . 12 . onyx Exodus 1 . 3 . Benjamin 1 Samuel 28 . 6 . by Urim 1 Chronicles 29 . 2 . onyx stones Job 28 . 16 . onyx
twelve . Exodus 28 . 9-11
according to the twelve . 1 Kings 18 . 31 , Luke 22 . 30 , James 1 . 1 , Revelation 7 . 4-8 , Revelation 21 . 12
Reciprocal . Genesis 49 . 28 . every one Exodus 24 . 4 . according Exodus 28 . 11 . engravings of a signet Exodus 39 . 10 . the first row Joshua 4 . 9 . set up twelve Job 19 . 24 . graven Song of Solomon 8 . 6 . as a seal Zechariah 3 . 9 . I will engrave Matthew 19 . 28 . the twelve
Reciprocal . 1 Kings 7 . 17 . General 1 Kings 7 . 18 . General
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 14 . chains of 1 Kings 7 . 17 . General 1 Kings 7 . 18 . General
wreathen chains . Exodus 28 . 14 , Exodus 39 . 15
on the shoulder pieces . Exodus 28 . 7
of the ephod . Exodus 39 . 4
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 11 . ouches of gold 1 Kings 7 . 17 . General 1 Kings 7 . 18 . General Jeremiah 52 . 22 . with network
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 14 . 3 . wearing
the curious girdle . Exodus 28 . 8
a lace . Exodus 28 . 31 , Exodus 28 . 37 , Exodus 39 . 30 , Exodus 39 . 31 , Numbers 15 . 38
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 8 . curious
in the . Exodus 28 . 15 , Exodus 28 . 30
upon . Exodus 28 . 12 , Jeremiah 30 . 21 , Romans 10 . 1
a . Song of Solomon 8 . 6 , Isaiah 49 . 15 , Isaiah 49 . 16
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 4 . broidered Exodus 39 . 7 . a memorial Numbers 10 . 10 . a memorial Nehemiah 2 . 20 . memorial Psalm 105 . 26 . Aaron Zechariah 6 . 14 . a memorial Hebrews 9 . 24 . appear
the Urim and Thummim , את אורים ואת התמים the Urim and Thummim , lights and perfections; rendered by the LXX החכשףיϚ ךבי בכחטויב , manifestation and truth; and , by the Vulgate , doctrina et veritas , doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages , the most probable seems to be that of Josephus , Philo , Bp. Patrick , Parkhurst , and the Jewish writers generally; who state , that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest's breastplate. In support of this statement , it is observed .
bear the judgment . Zechariah 6 . 13
upon his heart . 2 Corinthians 6 . 11 , 2 Corinthians 6 . 12 , 2 Corinthians 7 . 3 , 2 Corinthians 12 . 15 , Philippians 1 . 7 , Philippians 1 . 8 , Hebrews 2 . 17 , Hebrews 4 . 15 , Hebrews 9 . 12 , Hebrews 9 . 24
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 15 . the breastplate Exodus 28 . 29 . in the Joshua 9 . 14 . asked not 1 Samuel 23 . 6 . an ephod Song of Solomon 8 . 6 . as a seal John 11 . 51 . being
Exodus 28 . 4 , Exodus 28 . 28 , Exodus 39 . 22 , Leviticus 8 . 7
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 37 . blue 1 Samuel 23 . 6 . an ephod
as it were . Exodus 39 . 28 , 2 Chronicles 26 . 14 , Nehemiah 4 . 16 , Job 41 . 26
that it be not rent . John 19 . 23 , John 19 . 24 , Ephesians 4 . 3-16
And . Exodus 39 . 24-26
hem . or , skirts
pomegranates . 1 Kings 7 . 18 , 2 Kings 25 . 17
bells . Zechariah 14 . 20
Reciprocal . Exodus 35 . 6 . blue Exodus 39 . 25 . bells 2 Chronicles 4 . 13 . four hundred Matthew 14 . 36 . hem
Psalm 89 . 15 , Song of Solomon 2 . 3 , Song of Solomon 4 . 3 , Song of Solomon 4 . 13 , Song of Solomon 6 . 7 , Song of Solomon 6 . 11 , Song of Solomon 8 . 2 , John 15 . 4-8 , John 15 . 16 , Colossians 1 . 5 , Colossians 1 . 6 , Colossians 1 . 10
Reciprocal . Exodus 39 . 25 . bells Exodus 39 . 26 . pomegranate 2 Chronicles 4 . 13 . four hundred
goeth in . Leviticus 16 . 2 , Hebrews 9 . 12
Reciprocal . Hebrews 8 . 2 . minister
a plate of pure gold . The word tzitz , which we translate a plate , properly signifies a flower. It is rendered by the LXX נופבכןם , a leaf , and is called nezer , a crown in Exodus 29 . 6 and היבהחלב , a diadem , by the author of the book of Wisdom , 28 . 24. Josephus says that it was adorned with three rows of the flower which the Greeks call ךץבםןע. It was two fingers broad , of a circular form , suited to the shape of the head , and so long that it reached from ear to ear , and was fastened upon a blue lace or ribband , which was tied behind the head; and as the plate reached only half round the head , the remaining part of the ribband was highly ornamented with artificial flowers.
grave upon it . Exodus 28 . 9 , Exodus 28 . 11
HOLINESS . Exodus 39 . 30 , Leviticus 8 . 9 , Leviticus 10 . 3 , Leviticus 19 . 2 , Psalm 93 . 5 , Ezekiel 43 . 12 , Zechariah 14 . 20 , Hebrews 7 . 26 , Hebrews 12 . 14 , 1 Peter 1 . 15 , 1 Peter 1 . 16 , 1 Peter 2 . 9 , Revelation 21 . 27
Reciprocal . Leviticus 21 . 6 . holy Leviticus 21 . 12 . for the crown Deuteronomy 33 . 8 . Let thy Psalm 106 . 16 . the saint Zechariah 3 . 9 . I will engrave Zechariah 6 . 11 . make
blue . Exodus 28 . 28 , Exodus 28 . 31 , Numbers 15 . 38
the mitre it . Exodus 28 . 4 , Exodus 29 . 6 , Exodus 39 . 30 , Exodus 39 . 31 , Leviticus 8 . 9 , Zechariah 3 . 5
bear the iniquity . Exodus 28 . 43 , Leviticus 10 . 17 , Leviticus 22 . 9 , Numbers 18 . 1 , Isaiah 53 . 6 , Isaiah 53 . 11 , Isaiah 53 . 12 , Ezekiel 4 . 4-6 , John 1 . 29 , 2 Corinthians 5 . 21 , Hebrews 9 . 28 , 1 Peter 2 . 24 , 1 Peter 3 . 18
accepted . Leviticus 1 . 4 , Leviticus 22 . 27 , Leviticus 23 . 11 , Isaiah 56 . 7 , Isaiah 60 . 7 , Ephesians 1 . 6 , 1 Peter 2 . 5
embroider . Exodus 28 . 4
the girdle . Exodus 28 . 8
needlework . Psalm 45 . 14
Reciprocal . Exodus 27 . 16 . needlework Exodus 39 . 27 . coats Exodus 39 . 28 . a mitre Exodus 39 . 29 . a girdle Leviticus 6 . 10 . linen garment Leviticus 16 . 4 . holy linen coat Ezekiel 44 . 17 . they shall
Aaron's . Exodus 28 . 4 , Exodus 39 . 27 , Exodus 39 . 29 , Exodus 39 . 41 , Leviticus 8 . 13 , Ezekiel 44 . 17 , Ezekiel 44 . 18
bonnets . Exodus 29 . 9
glory . Exodus 28 . 2 , 1 Timothy 2 . 9 , 1 Timothy 2 . 10 , 1 Timothy 6 . 9-11 , Titus 2 . 7 , Titus 2 . 10 , 1 Peter 3 . 3 , 1 Peter 3 . 4 , 1 Peter 5 . 5
Reciprocal . Exodus 29 . 8 . General Leviticus 8 . 2 . garments 1 Samuel 22 . 18 . a linen ephod Ezra 3 . 10 . they set Ezekiel 42 . 14 . they not go
anoint them . Exodus 29 . 7 , Exodus 30 . 23-30 , Exodus 40 . 15 , Leviticus 10 . 7 , Isaiah 10 . 27 , Isaiah 61 . 1 , John 3 . 34 , 2 Corinthians 1 . 21 , 2 Corinthians 1 . 22 , 1 John 2 . 20 , 1 John 2 . 27
and consecrate them . Heb. fill their hand , Exodus 29 . 9 , Exodus 29 . 24 , Exodus 29 . 35 , Leviticus 8 . 1-36 , Numbers 3 . 3 , Ezekiel 43 . 26 , Hebrews 5 . 4 , Hebrews 7 . 28
minister . Exodus 28 . 1 , Exodus 28 . 4
Reciprocal . Exodus 29 . 1 . hallow them Exodus 29 . 27 . the ram of the consecration Exodus 40 . 13 . anoint him Leviticus 8 . 12 . General Leviticus 8 . 13 . Moses Leviticus 21 . 8 . sanctify 1 Kings 13 . 33 . consecrated him Ezekiel 44 . 18 . bonnets Luke 1 . 8 . he
breeches . Exodus 20 . 26 , Exodus 39 . 28 , Leviticus 6 . 10 , Leviticus 16 . 4 , Ezekiel 44 . 18 , Revelation 3 . 18
their nakedness . Heb. flesh of their nakedness
reach . Heb. be.
unto the altar . Exodus 20 . 26
bear not iniquity . Leviticus 5 . 1 , Leviticus 5 . 17 , Leviticus 20 . 19 , Leviticus 20 . 20 , Leviticus 22 . 9 , Numbers 9 . 13 , Numbers 18 . 22 , Matthew 22 . 12 , Matthew 22 . 13
a statute . Exodus 27 . 21 , Leviticus 17 . 7
Reciprocal . Exodus 28 . 38 . bear the iniquity Exodus 30 . 21 . a statute Leviticus 10 . 17 . to bear Numbers 16 . 5 . will cause 1 Samuel 2 . 30 . I said Ezekiel 44 . 17 . they shall Ezekiel 44 . 18 . linen breeches