Introduction
Overview
Exodus 9 . 1 , The murrain of beasts; Exodus 9 . 8 , The plague of boils and blains; Exodus 9 . 13 , The message of Moses about the hail; Exodus 9 . 22 , The plague of hail; Exodus 9 . 27 , Pharaoh sues to Moses , but yet is hardened.
Exodus 9 . 13 , Exodus 3 . 18 , Exodus 4 . 22 , Exodus 4 . 23 , Exodus 5 . 1 , Exodus 8 . 1 , Exodus 8 . 20 , Exodus 10 . 3
Reciprocal . Exodus 7 . 16 . The Lord 2 Corinthians 11 . 22 . Hebrews
Exodus 4 . 23 , Exodus 8 . 2 , Exodus 10 . 4 , Leviticus 26 . 14-16 , Leviticus 26 . 23 , Leviticus 26 . 24 , Leviticus 26 . 27 , Leviticus 26 . 28 , Psalm 7 . 11 , Psalm 7 . 12 , Psalm 68 . 21 , Isaiah 1 . 20 , Romans 2 . 8 , Revelation 2 . 21 , Revelation 2 . 22 , Revelation 16 . 9
Reciprocal . Genesis 24 . 5 . Peradventure Exodus 7 . 14 . he refuseth Job 20 . 10 . his hands Jeremiah 50 . 33 . they refused
the hand . Exodus 7 . 4 , Exodus 8 . 19 , 1 Samuel 5 . 6-11 , 1 Samuel 6 . 9 , Acts 13 . 11
murrain . We may observe a particular scope and meaning in this calamity , if we consider it in regard to the Egyptians , which would not have existed in respect to any other people. They held in idolatrous reverence almost every animal , but some they held in particular veneration; as the ox , cow , and ram. Among these , Apis and Mnevis are well known; the former being a sacred bull , worshipped at Memphis , as the latter was at Heliopolis. A cow or heifer had the like honours at Momemphis; and the same practice seems to have been adopted in most of the Egyptian nomes. By the infliction of this judgment , the Egyptian deities sank before the God of the Hebrews. See Bryant , pp. 87-93. Exodus 5 . 3
Reciprocal . Genesis 47 . 6 . cattle Genesis 47 . 17 . for horses Exodus 8 . 26 . the abomination Exodus 9 . 15 . stretch Psalm 78 . 50 . life over to the pestilence Psalm 107 . 38 . suffereth Jeremiah 50 . 33 . they refused Amos 4 . 10 . pestilence
Exodus 8 . 22 , Exodus 10 . 23 , Exodus 12 . 13 , Isaiah 65 . 13 , Isaiah 65 . 14 , Malachi 3 . 18
Reciprocal . Exodus 9 . 26 . General Amos 4 . 7 . and I Revelation 7 . 3 . till
a set time . Exodus 9 . 18 , Exodus 8 . 23 , Exodus 10 . 4 , Numbers 16 . 5 , Job 24 . 1 , Ecclesiastes 3 . 1-11 , Jeremiah 28 . 16 , Jeremiah 28 . 17 , Matthew 27 . 63 , Matthew 27 . 64
Reciprocal . 2 Kings 7 . 1 . To morrow
Exodus 9 . 19 , Exodus 9 . 25 , Psalm 78 . 48 , Psalm 78 . 50
Reciprocal . Exodus 8 . 22 . sever Exodus 9 . 15 . stretch Exodus 9 . 26 . General 2 Kings 7 . 1 . To morrow
the heart . Exodus 9 . 12 , Exodus 7 . 14 , Exodus 8 . 32 , Job 9 . 4 , Proverbs 29 . 1 , Isaiah 48 . 4 , Daniel 5 . 20 , Romans 9 . 18
Take to . This was a significant command; not only referring to the fiery furnace , which was a type of the slavery of the Israelites , but to a cruel rite common among the Egyptians. They had several cities styled Typhonian , in which at particular seasons they sacrificed men , who were burnt alive; and the ashes of the victim were scattered upwards in the air , with the view , probably , that where any atom of dust was carried , a blessing was entailed. The like , therefore , was done by Moses , though with a different intention , and more certain effect. See Bryant , pp. 93-106. Exodus 8 . 16
Reciprocal . Ezekiel 10 . 2 . coals Revelation 16 . 2 . a noisome
a boil . Leviticus 13 . 18-20 , Deuteronomy 28 . 27 , Deuteronomy 28 . 35 , Job 2 . 7 , Revelation 16 . 2
a boil . Deuteronomy 28 . 27
Reciprocal . Genesis 47 . 6 . cattle Exodus 15 . 26 . diseases
Exodus 7 . 11 , Exodus 7 . 12 , Exodus 8 . 18 , Exodus 8 . 19 , Isaiah 47 . 12-14, 2 Timothy 3 . 8 , 2 Timothy 3 . 9 , Revelation 16 . 2
Reciprocal . Genesis 41 . 8 . the magicians of Egypt Exodus 15 . 26 . diseases Deuteronomy 7 . 15 . will put none Deuteronomy 9 . 2 . Who can stand Deuteronomy 28 . 27 . the botch Isaiah 44 . 25 . maketh Micah 3 . 7 . the seers Acts 8 . 9 . used Revelation 13 . 13 . he doeth
Exodus 4 . 21 , Exodus 7 . 13 , Exodus 7 . 14 , Psalm 81 . 11 , Psalm 81 . 12 , Revelation 16 . 10 , Revelation 16 . 11 , Hardness of heart is a figurative expression , denoting that insensibility of mind upon which neither judgments nor mercies make any abiding impressions; but the conscience being stupefied , the obdurate rebel persists in determined disobedience.
Reciprocal . Exodus 9 . 7 . the heart Exodus 10 . 20 . General Psalm 69 . 27 . Add Amos 4 . 10 . yet
Exodus 9 . 1 , Exodus 7 . 15 , Exodus 8 . 20
Reciprocal . Exodus 3 . 18 . The Lord Exodus 7 . 16 . The Lord 1 Chronicles 16 . 21 . he reproved 2 Corinthians 11 . 22 . Hebrews
send all . Leviticus 26 . 18 , Leviticus 26 . 21 , Leviticus 26 . 28 , Deuteronomy 28 . 15-17 , Deuteronomy 28 . 59-61 , Deuteronomy 29 . 20-22 , Deuteronomy 32 . 39-42 , 1 Samuel 4 . 8 , 1 Kings 8 . 38 , Jeremiah 19 . 8 , Micah 6 . 13 , Revelation 18 . 8 , Revelation 22 . 18
that thou . Exodus 8 . 10
Reciprocal . Genesis 41 . 25 . God Exodus 11 . 1 . Yet will 2 Samuel 22 . 28 . but thine 2 Kings 24 . 20 . through Job 9 . 4 . who hath hardened Job 27 . 22 . For God Isaiah 26 . 11 . they shall Isaiah 40 . 18 . General Jeremiah 4 . 10 . the sword Jeremiah 10 . 6 . there Jeremiah 16 . 21 . I will this Ezekiel 29 . 6 . know Ezekiel 35 . 4 . and thou Daniel 4 . 32 . until Daniel 5 . 21 . his heart was made like John 19 . 11 . Thou
stretch . Exodus 9 . 3 , Exodus 9 . 6 , Exodus 9 . 16 , Exodus 3 . 20
that . Exodus 11 . 4-6 , Exodus 12 . 29 , Exodus 12 . 30
cut off . Exodus 14 . 28 , 1 Kings 13 . 34 , Proverbs 2 . 22
Reciprocal . 2 Samuel 4 . 11 . from 1 Kings 8 . 42 . thy strong hand 2 Kings 17 . 36 . a stretched 2 Kings 19 . 19 . O Lord Isaiah 37 . 20 . that all Jeremiah 21 . 5 . with an
deed . Exodus 14 . 17 , Psalm 83 . 17 , Psalm 83 . 18 , Proverbs 16 . 4 , Romans 9 . 17 , Romans 9 . 22 , 1 Peter 2 . 8 , 1 Peter 2 . 19 , Jude 1 . 4
raised thee up . Heb. made thee stand
for to . Exodus 14 . 4 , Exodus 15 . 11-16 , Exodus 18 . 11 , Joshua 2 . 10 , Joshua 2 . 11 , 1 Samuel 4 . 8 , Psalm 136 . 10-15
that my . 1 Chronicles 16 . 24 , Psalm 64 . 9 , Psalm 83 . 17 , Psalm 83 . 18 , Isaiah 63 . 12-14 , Malachi 1 . 11 , Malachi 1 . 14 , Romans 9 . 17
Reciprocal . Exodus 7 . 3 . multiply Exodus 9 . 15 . stretch Exodus 10 . 1 . that I Exodus 15 . 7 . the greatness Numbers 23 . 22 . God Joshua 4 . 24 . all the people Joshua 9 . 9 . we have Joshua 11 . 20 . it was Judges 3 . 12 . and the Lord 1 Samuel 6 . 6 . the Egyptians 1 Samuel 17 . 46 . all the earth 2 Samuel 7 . 23 . make him 2 Samuel 17 . 14 . the Lord 2 Kings 19 . 19 . O Lord 2 Chronicles 25 . 16 . determined Nehemiah 9 . 10 . didst Job 40 . 11 . behold Psalm 76 . 10 . Surely Psalm 105 . 25 . He turned Psalm 106 . 8 . that he Isaiah 33 . 5 . The Lord Isaiah 37 . 20 . that all Isaiah 41 . 20 . General Isaiah 45 . 9 . unto him Isaiah 54 . 16 . I have Jeremiah 32 . 20 . and hast Ezekiel 28 . 14 . and I Ezekiel 28 . 22 . I will Ezekiel 31 . 9 . made Ezekiel 39 . 21 . I will set Daniel 4 . 17 . the basest Daniel 9 . 15 . and hast John 17 . 6 . have manifested Romans 8 . 39 . height 2 Corinthians 10 . 5 . and every 1 Thessalonians 5 . 9 . not Revelation 6 . 4 . power Revelation 13 . 7 . and power
Job 9 . 4 , Job 15 . 25 , Job 15 . 26 , Job 40 . 9 , Isaiah 10 . 15 , Isaiah 26 . 11 , Isaiah 37 . 23 , Isaiah 37 . 24 , Isaiah 37 . 29 , Isaiah 45 . 9 , Acts 12 . 23 , 1 Corinthians 10 . 22
Reciprocal . Exodus 10 . 3 . How long Exodus 18 . 11 . proudly 1 Kings 1 . 5 . exalted 2 Kings 19 . 22 . exalted thy voice 2 Chronicles 36 . 13 . hardened Nehemiah 9 . 10 . they Job 40 . 11 . behold Psalm 10 . 2 . The wicked Psalm 76 . 10 . Surely Isaiah 5 . 15 . the eyes Isaiah 33 . 5 . The Lord Isaiah 57 . 4 . Against Jeremiah 43 . 2 . all the Jeremiah 44 . 10 . are not Jeremiah 48 . 26 . for he Jeremiah 50 . 33 . they refused Ezekiel 28 . 6 . Because Daniel 5 . 20 . when Amos 4 . 10 . yet Zephaniah 2 . 10 . and magnified Romans 8 . 39 . height 2 Corinthians 10 . 5 . and every Revelation 6 . 4 . power
to morrow . 1 Kings 19 . 2 , 1 Kings 20 . 6 , 2 Kings 7 . 1 , 2 Kings 7 . 18
I will cause . This must have been a circumstance of all others the most incredible to an Egyptian; for in Egypt there fell no rain , the want of which was supplied by dews , and the overflowing of the Nile. The Egyptians must , therefore , have perceived themselves particularly aimed at in these fearful events , especially as they were very superstitious. There seems likewise a propriety in their being punished by fire and water , as they were guilty of the grossest idolatry towards these elements. Scarcely anything could have distressed the Egyptians more than the destruction of the flax , as the whole nation wore linen garments. The ruin of their barley was equally fatal , both to their trade and to their private advantage. See Bryant , pp. 108-117. Exodus 9 . 22-25 , Psalm 83 . 15
Reciprocal . Exodus 9 . 5 . a set time Exodus 10 . 4 . morrow 1 Samuel 28 . 19 . and to morrow 1 Kings 13 . 5 . General Job 37 . 13 . whether Job 38 . 23 . General Psalm 78 . 47 . with hail Psalm 105 . 32 . them hail for rain Isaiah 28 . 17 . and the hail Isaiah 32 . 19 . it shall Jeremiah 50 . 33 . they refused Ezekiel 13 . 13 . and great Jonah 3 . 5 . believed Haggai 2 . 17 . with hail Hebrews 11 . 7 . warned Revelation 11 . 19 . and great
and gather . Habakkuk 3 . 2
the hail . Exodus 9 . 25
Reciprocal . Exodus 9 . 6 . General Isaiah 28 . 17 . and the hail Ezekiel 33 . 5 . But
Proverbs 16 . 16 , Proverbs 22 . 3 , Proverbs 22 . 23 , Jonah 3 . 5 , Jonah 3 . 6 , Mark 13 . 14-16 , Hebrews 11 . 7
Reciprocal . Deuteronomy 4 . 34 . temptations 2 Kings 6 . 10 . sent to the place Proverbs 27 . 12 . General Habakkuk 3 . 2 . I have Matthew 24 . 16 . General Luke 21 . 21 . flee Acts 27 . 11 . believed
regarded not . Heb. set not his heart unto , Exodus 7 . 23 , 1 Samuel 4 . 20 , *marg. 1 Chronicles 22 . 19 , Job 7 . 17 , Job 34 . 14 , Proverbs 24 . 32 , *marg. Ezekiel 40 . 4 , Daniel 10 . 12
Reciprocal . Genesis 19 . 14 . as one Genesis 47 . 6 . cattle Deuteronomy 4 . 34 . temptations 2 Kings 6 . 10 . sent to the place 2 Chronicles 11 . 16 . set Proverbs 22 . 3 . prudent Proverbs 27 . 12 . General Ezekiel 44 . 5 . mark well Habakkuk 3 . 2 . I have Haggai 1 . 5 . Consider your ways Matthew 24 . 16 . General Luke 21 . 21 . flee Acts 27 . 11 . believed
Exodus 7 . 19 , Exodus 8 . 5 , Exodus 8 . 16 , Revelation 16 . 21
Reciprocal . Exodus 9 . 18 . I will cause Exodus 10 . 21 . Stretch Joshua 10 . 11 . the Lord Ezekiel 38 . 22 . an overflowing
the Lord sent . Exodus 19 . 16 , Exodus 20 . 18 , 1 Samuel 12 . 17 , 1 Samuel 12 . 18 , Job 37 . 1-5 , Psalm 29 . 3 , Psalm 77 . 18 , Revelation 16 . 18 , Revelation 16 . 21
and hail . Joshua 10 . 11 , Job 38 . 22 , Job 38 . 23 , Psalm 18 . 13 , Psalm 78 . 47 , Psalm 78 . 48 , Psalm 105 . 32 , Psalm 105 . 33 , Psalm 148 . 8 , Isaiah 30 . 30 , Ezekiel 38 . 22 , Revelation 8 . 7
Reciprocal . Exodus 7 . 9 . Take Exodus 7 . 19 . stretch Exodus 9 . 24 . none like Deuteronomy 9 . 15 . the mount 1 Samuel 7 . 10 . thundered Job 20 . 23 . rain it Job 27 . 21 . a storm Job 36 . 31 . by Job 38 . 35 . Canst Psalm 11 . 6 . Upon Psalm 18 . 12 . hail Psalm 29 . 7 . flames Psalm 140 . 10 . burning coals Psalm 147 . 17 . casteth Jeremiah 10 . 13 . maketh Amos 7 . 4 . called Revelation 20 . 9 . and fire
none like . Exodus 9 . 23 , Exodus 10 . 6 , Matthew 24 . 21
Reciprocal . Job 38 . 23 . General Psalm 11 . 6 . Upon Psalm 18 . 12 . hail Psalm 140 . 10 . burning coals Amos 7 . 4 . called Revelation 20 . 9 . and fire
smote every . Psalm 105 . 33
Reciprocal . Exodus 9 . 6 . General Exodus 9 . 19 . the hail
Exodus 8 . 22-32 , Exodus 9 . 4 , Exodus 9 . 6 , Exodus 10 . 23 , Exodus 11 . 7 , Exodus 12 . 13 , Isaiah 32 . 18 , Isaiah 32 . 19
Reciprocal . Genesis 45 . 10 . in the land Genesis 47 . 1 . in the land Amos 4 . 7 . and I
I have . Exodus 10 . 16 , Numbers 22 . 34 , 1 Samuel 15 . 24 , 1 Samuel 15 . 30 , 1 Samuel 26 . 21 , Matthew 27 . 4
the Lord . 2 Chronicles 12 . 6 , Psalm 9 . 16 , Psalm 129 . 4 , Psalm 145 . 17 , Lamentations 1 . 18 , Daniel 9 . 14 , Romans 2 . 5 , Romans 3 . 19
Reciprocal . Exodus 8 . 25 . General Numbers 21 . 7 . We have 1 Samuel 24 . 17 . Thou art Proverbs 14 . 19 . General
Entreat . Exodus 8 . 8 , Exodus 8 . 28 , Exodus 10 . 17 , Acts 8 . 24
mighty thunderings . Heb. voices of God , Psalm 29 . 3 , Psalm 29 . 4
ye shall . Exodus 11 . 1
Reciprocal . Genesis 30 . 8 . great wrestlings Exodus 10 . 24 . Go ye Exodus 12 . 32 . bless me Exodus 19 . 16 . thunders Numbers 21 . 7 . We have Judges 11 . 8 . the elders 1 Samuel 5 . 7 . saw 1 Samuel 12 . 19 . Pray for thy 2 Samuel 24 . 16 . It is enough 1 Kings 13 . 6 . now 1 Chronicles 21 . 15 . It is enough Job 1 . 16 . The fire of God Psalm 36 . 6 . great mountains Psalm 78 . 48 . hot thunderbolts Proverbs 14 . 19 . General Jeremiah 34 . 11 . General Jeremiah 37 . 3 . Pray Jeremiah 42 . 2 . and pray James 5 . 16 . The effectual
spread . Exodus 9 . 33 , 1 Kings 8 . 22 , 1 Kings 8 . 38 , 2 Chronicles 6 . 12 , 2 Chronicles 6 . 13 , Ezra 9 . 5 , Job 11 . 13 , Psalm 143 . 6 , Isaiah 1 . 15
that the earth . Deuteronomy 10 . 14 , Psalm 24 . 1 , Psalm 24 . 2 , Psalm 50 . 12 , Psalm 95 . 4 , Psalm 95 . 5 , Psalm 135 . 6 , 1 Corinthians 10 . 26 , 1 Corinthians 10 . 28
Reciprocal . Exodus 8 . 10 . there is none Exodus 19 . 5 . all the earth Exodus 19 . 16 . thunders Exodus 24 . 18 . went into Job 38 . 35 . Canst Psalm 44 . 20 . stretched Daniel 4 . 32 . until James 5 . 16 . The effectual
Proverbs 16 . 6 , Isaiah 26 . 10 , Isaiah 63 . 17
Reciprocal . Jeremiah 44 . 10 . neither
flax . The word pishteh , flax , Mr. Parkhurst thinks may be derived from pashat , to strip , because the substance which we call flax is properly the filaments of the bark or rind of the vegetable , stripped off the stalks. From time immemorial , Egypt was celebrated for the production and manufacture of flax; and hence the linen and fine linen of Egypt , so often spoken of in scripture and ancient authors.
the barley . The Hebrew seorah , barley , in Arabic shair , and shairat , is so called from its rough , bristly beard , with which the ears are covered and defended; from saâr , to stand on end as the hair of the head. Hence seâr , the hair of the head. Dr. Pococke has observed that there is a double seed time and harvest in Egypt; rice , India wheat , and a grain called the corn of Damascus , are sown and reaped at a very different time from wheat , barley , and flax. The first are sown in March , before the overflowing of the Nile , and reaped about October; whereas the wheat and barley are sown in November and December , as soon as the Nile has gone off , and reaped before May. Ruth 1 . 22 , Ruth 2 . 23 , Amos 4 . 9 , Habakkuk 3 . 17
Reciprocal . Isaiah 28 . 25 . in the principal
not grown up . Heb. hidden , or dark , Exodus 10 . 22
Reciprocal . Exodus 10 . 5 . the residue Ruth 1 . 22 . in the beginning Isaiah 28 . 25 . in the principal
spread . Exodus 9 . 29 , Exodus 8 . 12
and the thunders . Exodus 10 . 18 , Exodus 10 . 19 , James 5 . 17 , James 5 . 18
Reciprocal . Exodus 7 . 19 . stretch Exodus 8 . 30 . entreated Exodus 24 . 18 . went into 1 Kings 8 . 22 . spread forth 2 Chronicles 6 . 12 . spread forth Ezra 9 . 5 . spread Psalm 29 . 3 . thundereth James 5 . 16 . The effectual Revelation 8 . 7 . hail
saw . Exodus 8 . 15 , Ecclesiastes 8 . 11
and hardened . Exodus 4 . 21 , Exodus 7 . 14 , 2 Chronicles 28 . 22 , 2 Chronicles 33 . 23 , 2 Chronicles 36 . 13 , Romans 2 . 4 , Romans 2 . 5
Reciprocal . Exodus 10 . 1 . I have hardened 1 Samuel 6 . 6 . the Egyptians Isaiah 26 . 10 . favour Jeremiah 34 . 11 . General Amos 4 . 10 . yet
Reciprocal . Exodus 4 . 21 . I will harden Exodus 10 . 1 . I have hardened Jeremiah 34 . 11 . General Amos 4 . 10 . yet