← Leviticus | ← Ch 10 | Ch 12 →

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Introduction

Overview

Leviticus 11 . 1 , What beasts may; Leviticus 11 . 4 , and what may not be eaten; Leviticus 11 . 9 , What fishes; Leviticus 11 . 13 , What fowls; Leviticus 11 . 29 , The creeping things which are unclean.

Verse 1

Reciprocal . Genesis 7 . 2 . every clean Genesis 8 . 20 . clean beast Genesis 9 . 3 . Every Leviticus 15 . 1 . Aaron Leviticus 20 . 25 . put difference Acts 10 . 14 . for Hebrews 13 . 9 . not with

Verse 2

Deuteronomy 14 . 3-8 , Ezekiel 4 . 14 , Daniel 1 . 8 , Matthew 15 . 11 , Mark 7 . 15-19 , Acts 10 . 12 , Acts 10 . 14 , Romans 14 . 2 , Romans 14 . 3 , Romans 14 . 14 , Romans 14 . 15 , 1 Timothy 4 . 4-6 , Hebrews 9 . 10 , Hebrews 13 . 9 , Of the laws relative to clean and unclean beasts , which are recorded in this chapter and Deut. 14 the following may be found a useful abstract.

1. In regard to quadrupeds , all beasts that have their feet completely cloven , above as well as below , and at the same time chew the cud , are clean. Those which have neither , or indeed want one of these distinguishing marks , are unclean. This is a systematic division of quadrupeds so excellent , as never yet , after all the improvements in natural history , to have become obsolete , but , on the contrary , to be still considered as useful by the greatest masters of the science.

1. With regard to fishes , Moses has in like manner , made a very simple systematic distinction. All that have scales and fins are clean; all others unclean.

1. Of birds , he merely specifies certain sorts as forbidden , thereby permitting all others to be eaten.

1. Insects , serpents , worms , etc. , are prohibited; but with regard , however to those winged insects , which besides four walking legs , also have two longer springing legs (Pedes saltatorii) , Moses makes an exception , and under the denomination of locusts , declares them clean in all four stages of their existence.

In Palestine , Arabia , and the adjoining countries , locusts are one of the most common articles of food , and people would be very ill of if they durst not eat them . For , when a swarm of them desolates the fields , they prove in some measure themselves an antidote to the famine which they occasion. They are not only eaten fresh , immediately on their appearance , but the people collect them , and know a method of preserving them for a long time for food , after they have dried them in an oven. . Niebuhr's Description of Arabia , pp. 170-175.

Reciprocal . Leviticus 11 . 46 . This Deuteronomy 14 . 4 . General Isaiah 66 . 17 . behind one tree in the midst Colossians 2 . 16 . in meat

Verse 3

parteth . Psalm 1 . 1 , Proverbs 9 . 6 , 2 Corinthians 6 . 17

cheweth . Deuteronomy 6 . 6 , Deuteronomy 6 . 7 , Deuteronomy 16 . 3-8 , Psalm 1 . 2 , Proverbs 2 . 1 , Proverbs 2 . 2 , Proverbs 2 . 10 , Acts 17 . 11 , 1 Timothy 4 . 15

Reciprocal . Ezekiel 1 . 7 . like the sole

Verse 4

unclean unto you . Genesis 7 . 1 , Genesis 7 . 2 , Deuteronomy 14 . 1-29 , Isaiah 52 . 11 , 1 Corinthians 8 . 13 , 1 Thessalonians 5 . 22 , 1 John 3 . 4

Verse 5

the coney . Shaphan , most probably an animal resembling the rabbit , called by Dr. Shaw , daman (probably for ganam) Israel , "Israel's lamb ," and by Bruce , ashkoko , which name he imagines is "derived from the singularity of these long herenacious hairs , which , like small thorns , grow about his back , and which an Amhara are called ashok." This curious animal abounds in Judea , Palestine , Arabia , and Ethiopia; and is described as being about seventeen inches when sitting. It has no tail; and at first sight gives the idea of a rat. Its colour is grey , mixed with reddish brown; the belly white , the body covered with strong polished hairs , for the most part about two inches in length; the ears round , and not pointed; the feet round , of a soft , pulpy , tender substance; the toes projecting beyond the nails , which are rather broad than sharp; the upper jaw is longer than the other; it lives upon grain , fruit , and roots , and certainly chews the cud; and it does not burrow like the hare and rabbit , but lives in clefts of the rocks. Psalm 104 . 18 , Proverbs 30 . 26

but divideth . Job 36 . 14 , Matthew 7 . 26 , Romans 2 . 18-24 , Philippians 3 . 18 , Philippians 3 . 19 , 2 Timothy 3 . 5 , Titus 1 . 16

Verse 6

the hare . Deuteronomy 14 . 7

Verse 7

swine . Deuteronomy 14 . 8 , Isaiah 65 . 4 , Isaiah 66 . 3 , Isaiah 66 . 17 , Matthew 7 . 6 , Luke 8 . 33 , Luke 15 . 15 , 2 Peter 2 . 18-22

Reciprocal . Matthew 8 . 30 . an Mark 5 . 11 . herd Luke 8 . 32 . there an

Verse 8

they are unclean . Leviticus 5 . 2 , Isaiah 52 . 11 , Hosea 9 . 3 , Matthew 15 . 11 , Matthew 15 . 20 , Mark 7 . 2 , Mark 7 . 15 , Mark 7 . 18 , Acts 10 . 10-15 , Acts 10 . 28 , Acts 15 . 29 , Romans 14 . 14-17 , Romans 14 . 21 , 1 Corinthians 8 . 8 , 2 Corinthians 6 . 17 , Ephesians 5 . 7 , Ephesians 5 . 11 , Colossians 2 . 16 , Colossians 2 . 21-23 , Hebrews 9 . 10

Reciprocal . Leviticus 11 . 24 . General Leviticus 11 . 31 . General Mark 5 . 11 . herd

Verse 9

Deuteronomy 14 . 9 , Deuteronomy 14 . 10 , Acts 20 . 21 , Galatians 5 . 6 , James 2 . 18 , 1 John 5 . 2-5

Verse 10

they shall be . Leviticus 7 . 18 , Deuteronomy 14 . 3 , Psalm 139 . 21 , Psalm 139 . 22 , Proverbs 13 . 20 , Proverbs 29 . 27 , Revelation 21 . 8

Reciprocal . Leviticus 7 . 21 . abominable Ezekiel 8 . 10 . every

Verse 11

Reciprocal . Leviticus 7 . 18 . an abomination

Verse 12

Reciprocal . Exodus 8 . 6 . and the frogs Numbers 19 . 11 . toucheth the dead

Verse 13

the eagle . In Hebrew , nesher , Chaldee , neshar , Syriac , neshro , and Arabic , nishr , the eagle , one of the largest , strongest , swiftest , fiercest , and most rapacious of the feathered race. His eye is large , dark , and piercing; his beak powerful and hooked; his legs strong and feathered; his feet yellow and armed with four very long and terrific claws; his wings very large and powerful; his body compact and robust; his bones hard; his flesh firm; his feathers coarse; his attitude fierce and erect; his motions lively; his flight extremely rapid and towering; and his cry the terror of every wing. Deuteronomy 14 . 12-20, Job 28 . 7 , Job 38 . 41 , Job 39 . 27-30 , Jeremiah 4 . 13 , Jeremiah 4 . 22 , Jeremiah 48 . 40 , Lamentations 4 . 19 , Hosea 8 . 1 , Habakkuk 1 . 8 , Matthew 24 . 28 , Romans 1 . 28-32 , Romans 3 . 13-17 , Titus 3 . 3

the ossifrage . Peres , from paras to break , probably the species of eagle anciently called ossifraga or bone-breaker (from os , a bone , and frango , to break) , because it not only strips off the flesh , but breaks the bone , in order to extract the marrow.

the ospray . Hebrew ozniyah , Arabic azan , and Chaldee azyah , (from azaz , to be strong) , a species of eagle , probably the black eagle , so remarkable for its strength.

Reciprocal . Revelation 18 . 2 . become

Verse 14

Reciprocal . Leviticus 11 . 28 . shall wash Deuteronomy 14 . 13 . the glede

Verse 15

Genesis 8 . 7 , 1 Kings 17 . 4 , 1 Kings 17 . 6 , Proverbs 30 . 17 , Luke 12 . 24

Verse 16

Deuteronomy 14 . 15-18 , Psalm 102 . 6 , Isaiah 13 . 21 , Isaiah 13 . 22 , Isaiah 34 . 11-15 , John 3 . 19-21 , Ephesians 2 . 2 , Ephesians 2 . 3 , Ephesians 4 . 18 , Ephesians 4 . 19 , Ephesians 5 . 7-11 , Philippians 3 . 18 , Philippians 3 . 19 , 1 Thessalonians 5 . 5-7 , Revelation 18 . 2

Verse 19

bat . Isaiah 2 . 20 , Isaiah 66 . 17

Reciprocal . Job 39 . 13 . wings and feathers unto the Psalm 104 . 17 . as for

Verse 20

Leviticus 11 . 23 , Leviticus 11 . 27 , Deuteronomy 14 . 19 , 2 Kings 17 . 28-41 , Psalm 17 . 14 , Matthew 6 . 24 , Philippians 3 . 18 , Philippians 3 . 19 , 2 Timothy 4 . 10 , 1 John 2 . 15-17 , Jude 1 . 10 , Jude 1 . 19

Reciprocal . Leviticus 7 . 21 . abominable Leviticus 11 . 29 . creeping things that creep Leviticus 11 . 41 . General

Verse 21

Reciprocal . Leviticus 11 . 29 . creeping things that creep

Verse 22

Exodus 10 . 4 , Exodus 10 . 5 , Isaiah 35 . 3 , Matthew 3 . 4 , Mark 1 . 6 , Romans 14 . 1 , Romans 15 . 1 , Hebrews 5 . 11 , Hebrews 12 . 12 , Hebrews 12 . 13

Verse 23

Reciprocal . Leviticus 11 . 20 . General Leviticus 11 . 27 . General Leviticus 11 . 41 . General

Verse 24

Leviticus 11 . 8 , Leviticus 11 . 27 , Leviticus 11 . 28 , Leviticus 11 . 31 , Leviticus 11 . 38-40 , Leviticus 17 . 15 , Leviticus 17 . 16 , Isaiah 22 . 14 , 1 Corinthians 15 . 33 , 2 Corinthians 6 . 17 , Ephesians 2 . 1-3 , Ephesians 5 . 11 , Colossians 2 . 16 , Colossians 2 . 17 , Colossians 2 . 20 , Hebrews 9 . 26 , 1 John 1 . 7

Reciprocal . Leviticus 5 . 2 . touch Leviticus 7 . 19 . General Leviticus 7 . 21 . any unclean Leviticus 11 . 39 . General Leviticus 14 . 46 . shall be unclean Leviticus 22 . 5 . whosoever Leviticus 22 . 6 . General 1 Samuel 20 . 26 . he is not clean

Verse 25

and be unclean . Leviticus 11 . 28 , Leviticus 11 . 40 , Leviticus 14 . 8 , Leviticus 15 . 5 , Leviticus 15 . 7-11 , Leviticus 15 . 13 , Leviticus 16 . 28 , Exodus 19 . 10 , Exodus 19 . 14 , Numbers 19 . 8 , Numbers 19 . 10 , Numbers 19 . 19 , Numbers 19 . 21 , Numbers 19 . 22 , Numbers 31 . 24 , Psalm 51 . 2 , Psalm 51 . 7 , Zechariah 13 . 1 , John 13 . 8 , Acts 22 . 16 , Hebrews 9 . 10 , Hebrews 10 . 22 , 1 Peter 3 . 21 , 1 John 1 . 7 , Revelation 7 . 14

Reciprocal . Leviticus 11 . 31 . General Leviticus 13 . 6 . wash Leviticus 14 . 46 . shall be unclean Leviticus 17 . 15 . both wash Leviticus 22 . 6 . General Numbers 19 . 7 . General Deuteronomy 23 . 11 . when evening

Verse 26

Reciprocal . Deuteronomy 14 . 8 . touch Isaiah 52 . 11 . touch

Verse 27

Leviticus 11 . 20 , Leviticus 11 . 23

Reciprocal . Leviticus 11 . 24 . General Numbers 19 . 11 . toucheth the dead Deuteronomy 14 . 8 . touch Judges 13 . 4 . eat not 1 Samuel 20 . 26 . he is not clean Isaiah 52 . 11 . touch

Verse 28

beareth . Leviticus 11 . 24 , Leviticus 11 . 25

shall wash . Leviticus 11 . 14

Reciprocal . Leviticus 5 . 2 . touch Leviticus 11 . 39 . General Leviticus 11 . 40 . shall wash Leviticus 13 . 6 . wash Leviticus 14 . 46 . shall be unclean Leviticus 15 . 5 . General

Verse 29

creeping things that creep . Leviticus 11 . 20 , Leviticus 11 . 21 , Leviticus 11 . 41 , Leviticus 11 . 42 , Psalm 10 . 3 , Psalm 17 . 13 , Psalm 17 . 14 , Haggai 2 . 6 , Luke 12 . 15 , Luke 16 . 14 , John 6 . 26 , John 6 . 66 , Ephesians 4 . 14 , Philippians 3 . 19 , Colossians 3 . 5 , 2 Timothy 3 . 2-5 , Hebrews 13 . 5

Reciprocal . Ezekiel 8 . 10 . every

Verse 31

Leviticus 11 . 8 , Leviticus 11 . 24 , Leviticus 11 . 25

Reciprocal . Leviticus 5 . 2 . touch Leviticus 11 . 39 . General Numbers 19 . 11 . toucheth the dead 1 Samuel 20 . 26 . he is not clean

Verse 32

it must be put into water . Leviticus 6 . 28 , Leviticus 15 . 12 , Titus 2 . 14 , Titus 3 . 5

Reciprocal . Leviticus 6 . 27 . wash Leviticus 15 . 5 . General Numbers 19 . 15 . General Numbers 31 . 23 . ye shall make

Verse 33

ye shall break it . Leviticus 11 . 35 , Leviticus 14 . 45 , Jeremiah 48 . 38 , 2 Corinthians 5 . 1-8 , Philippians 3 . 21

Reciprocal . Leviticus 6 . 28 . General Leviticus 13 . 52 . burn Leviticus 15 . 12 . vessel

Verse 34

Proverbs 15 . 8 , Proverbs 21 . 4 , Proverbs 21 . 27 , Proverbs 28 . 8 , Titus 1 . 15

Verse 35

they shall be . Leviticus 11 . 33 , Leviticus 6 . 28 , Leviticus 15 . 12 , 2 Corinthians 5 . 1-7

Reciprocal . Leviticus 13 . 52 . burn

Verse 36

a fountain . Zechariah 13 . 1 , John 4 . 14

wherein there is plenty of water . Heb. a gathering together of waters

Verse 37

sowing seed . 1 Corinthians 15 . 37 , 1 Peter 1 . 23 , 1 John 3 . 9 , 1 John 5 . 18

Verse 38

Reciprocal . Leviticus 11 . 24 . General

Verse 39

Leviticus 11 . 24 , Leviticus 11 . 28 , Leviticus 11 . 31 , Leviticus 11 . 40 , Leviticus 15 . 5 , Leviticus 15 . 7 , Numbers 19 . 11 , Numbers 19 . 16

Reciprocal . Leviticus 5 . 2 . touch Ezekiel 4 . 14 . have I

Verse 40

eateth . Leviticus 11 . 25 , Leviticus 17 . 15 , Leviticus 17 . 16 , Leviticus 22 . 8 , Exodus 22 . 31 , Deuteronomy 14 . 21 , Isaiah 1 . 16 , Ezekiel 4 . 14 , Ezekiel 36 . 25 , Ezekiel 44 . 31 , Zechariah 13 . 1 , 1 Corinthians 6 . 11 , 1 Corinthians 10 . 21 , 1 John 1 . 7

shall wash . Leviticus 11 . 28 , Leviticus 14 . 8 , Leviticus 14 . 9 , Leviticus 15 . 5-10 , Leviticus 15 . 27 , Leviticus 16 . 26 , Leviticus 16 . 28 , Numbers 19 . 7 , Numbers 19 . 8 , Numbers 19 . 19

Reciprocal . Leviticus 11 . 39 . General Leviticus 13 . 6 . wash Numbers 19 . 21 . General 1 Samuel 20 . 26 . he is not clean

Verse 41

Leviticus 11 . 20 , Leviticus 11 . 23 , Leviticus 11 . 29

Reciprocal . Leviticus 7 . 18 . an abomination Leviticus 7 . 21 . abominable Leviticus 11 . 43 . Ye shall

Verse 42

goeth upon the belly . Genesis 3 . 14 , Genesis 3 . 15 , Isaiah 65 . 25 , Micah 7 . 17 , Matthew 3 . 7 , Matthew 23 . 23 , John 8 . 44 , 2 Corinthians 11 . 3 , 2 Corinthians 11 . 13 , Titus 1 . 12

hath more feet . Heb. doth multiply feet

Reciprocal . Leviticus 7 . 21 . abominable Leviticus 11 . 29 . creeping things that creep Leviticus 11 . 43 . Ye shall Ezekiel 8 . 10 . every Mark 7 . 15 . nothing

Verse 43

Ye shall . Leviticus 11 . 41 , Leviticus 11 . 42 , Leviticus 20 . 25

yourselves . Heb. your souls

Reciprocal . Leviticus 22 . 5 . whosoever Deuteronomy 14 . 3 . General

Verse 44

I am the . Exodus 20 . 2

ye shall . Leviticus 10 . 3 , Leviticus 19 . 2 , Leviticus 20 . 7 , Leviticus 20 . 26 , Exodus 19 . 6 , Deuteronomy 14 . 2 , 1 Samuel 6 . 20 , Psalm 99 . 5 , Psalm 99 . 9 , Isaiah 6 . 3-5 , Amos 3 . 3 , Matthew 5 . 48 , 1 Thessalonians 4 . 7 , 1 Peter 1 . 15 , 1 Peter 1 . 16 , 1 Peter 2 . 9 , Revelation 22 . 11

Reciprocal . Exodus 19 . 10 . sanctify Exodus 29 . 46 . I am Leviticus 11 . 45 . be holy Leviticus 18 . 2 . General Leviticus 21 . 8 . for I Leviticus 22 . 5 . whosoever Numbers 15 . 40 . be holy Ezekiel 20 . 7 . I am Hebrews 12 . 10 . partakers

Verse 45

that bringeth . Exodus 6 . 7 , Psalm 105 . 43-45

be holy . Leviticus 11 . 44 , Exodus 6 . 7 , Exodus 20 . 2 , Psalm 105 . 43-45 , Hosea 11 . 1 , 1 Thessalonians 4 . 7

Reciprocal . Exodus 19 . 6 . and an Exodus 19 . 10 . sanctify Exodus 22 . 31 . holy Leviticus 19 . 2 . Ye shall Leviticus 21 . 8 . for I Leviticus 22 . 33 . General Leviticus 25 . 38 . and to be Numbers 15 . 40 . be holy Deuteronomy 14 . 2 . General Psalm 114 . 2 . General Isaiah 52 . 11 . touch Daniel 1 . 8 . defile Ephesians 5 . 1 . followers Hebrews 12 . 10 . partakers

Verse 46

This . The distinction of clean and unclean animals . see note on Leviticus 11 . 2 existed even before the flood , though it probably then only related to sacrifices; but at this time we find there were very particular laws enacted respecting the diet of the people , and the ceremonial uncleanness contracted by touching the carcases of unclean animals. The reasons for the enactment of these laws seem to be .

1. As a test of obedience , and to teach the Israelites habits of self-denial , and the government of their appetites.

1. To keep them distinct from other nations , and consequently from their idolatrous usages , by throwing hindrances in the way of their social intercourse; for these distinctions were applicable both to persons and things. The Canaanites not only ate the animals prohibited by Moses , which we usually eat , but others also , among which dogs were one. Besides , many of those declared unclean were sacred among the heathen , and sacrificed to their gods.

1. Because those prohibited were innutritive and unwholesome; as the swine , the flesh of which being strong and difficult to digest , affords a very gross aliment , and produces , especially in hot climates , cutaneous , scrophulous , and scorbutic disorders , as the itch , leprosy , etc. Leviticus 7 . 37 , Leviticus 14 . 54 , Leviticus 15 . 32 , Ezekiel 43 . 12

Reciprocal . Numbers 5 . 29 . the law Numbers 30 . 16 . General Numbers 36 . 13 . the commandments

Verse 47

Leviticus 10 . 10 , Ezekiel 44 . 23 , Malachi 3 . 18 , Romans 14 . 2 , Romans 14 . 3 , Romans 14 . 13-23

Reciprocal . Leviticus 15 . 31 . Thus shall Numbers 30 . 16 . General Judges 13 . 4 . eat not Isaiah 52 . 11 . touch Ezekiel 1 . 7 . like the sole Ezekiel 22 . 26 . put no Acts 11 . 8 . unclean