← 1 Samuel | ← Ch 19 | Ch 21 →
Introduction
Overview
1 Samuel 20 . 1 , David consults with Jonathan for his safety; 1 Samuel 20 . 11 , Jonathan and David renew their covenant by oath; 1 Samuel 20 . 18 , Jonathan’s token to David; 1 Samuel 20 . 24 , Saul , missing David , seeks to kill Jonathan; 1 Samuel 20 . 35 , Jonathan affectionately takes his leave of David.
fled . 1 Samuel 19 . 19-24 , 1 Samuel 23 . 26-28 , Psalm 124 . 6-8 , 2 Peter 2 . 9
What have . 1 Samuel 12 . 3 , 1 Samuel 24 . 11 , 1 Samuel 24 . 17 , Psalm 7 . 3-5 , Psalm 18 . 20-24 , 2 Corinthians 1 . 12 , 1 John 3 . 21
Reciprocal . Numbers 35 . 20 . by laying 2 Samuel 4 . 8 . sought Psalm 7 . 4 . without Hebrews 11 . 34 . escaped
God forbid . 1 Samuel 14 . 45 , Genesis 44 . 7 , Joshua 22 . 29 , Joshua 24 . 16 , Luke 20 . 16
show it me . Heb. uncover mine ear , 1 Samuel 20 . 12 , 1 Samuel 9 . 15 , *marg. Psalm 40 . 6 , Isaiah 50 . 5 , John 15 . 15 , John 17 . 8
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 19 . 2 . Jonathan 1 Samuel 22 . 8 . showeth me 2 Samuel 1 . 23 . pleasant
sware . Deuteronomy 6 . 13 , Jeremiah 4 . 2 , Hebrews 6 . 16
but truly . 1 Samuel 25 . 26 , 1 Samuel 27 . 1 , 2 Samuel 15 . 21 , 2 Kings 2 . 2 , 2 Kings 2 . 4 , 2 Kings 2 . 6
as thy soul . 1 Samuel 1 . 26 , 1 Samuel 17 . 55 , Jeremiah 38 . 16
but a step . 1 Samuel 27 . 1 , Deuteronomy 28 . 66 , Psalm 116 . 3 , 1 Corinthians 15 . 30 , 1 Corinthians 15 . 31 , 2 Corinthians 1 . 9 , 2 Corinthians 1 . 10
Reciprocal . Genesis 26 . 31 . sware Genesis 27 . 2 . I know not Genesis 33 . 10 . if now Genesis 42 . 15 . By the life Numbers 32 . 5 . if we have 1 Samuel 2 . 6 . he bringeth 1 Samuel 29 . 6 . the Lord 2 Samuel 11 . 11 . as thou livest 2 Samuel 14 . 19 . As thy soul 2 Samuel 14 . 22 . I have found 1 Kings 17 . 12 . As the Lord Psalm 118 . 13 . General Psalm 119 . 87 . almost Psalm 119 . 109 . My soul 2 Corinthians 1 . 8 . insomuch
Whatsoever . etc. or , Say what is thy mind , and I will do , etc
desireth . Heb. speaketh , or thinketh
the new moon . The months of the Hebrews were lunar months , and they reckoned from one new moon to another . and , as their feasts , particularly the passover , were reckoned according to this , they were very scrupulous in observing the first appearance of each new moon. On these new moons , they offered sacrifices , and feasted together , but the gathering together of all the families of a tribe on such occasions seems to have taken place only once in the year. 1 Samuel 20 . 6 , Numbers 10 . 10 , Numbers 28 . 11 , 2 Kings 4 . 23 , Psalm 81 . 3 , Colossians 2 . 16
that I may . 1 Samuel 20 . 19 , 1 Samuel 19 . 2 , Psalm 55 . 12 , Proverbs 22 . 3 , John 8 . 59 , Acts 17 . 14
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 20 . 18 . new moon
Bethlehem . 1 Samuel 17 . 58 , John 7 . 42
sacrifice . or , feast , 1 Samuel 9 . 12 , 1 Samuel 16 . 2-5
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 20 . 5 . the new moon 1 Samuel 20 . 28 . General Luke 2 . 4 . unto
It is well . Deuteronomy 1 . 23 , 2 Samuel 17 . 4
evil . 1 Samuel 20 . 9 , 1 Samuel 25 . 17 , Esther 7 . 7
Reciprocal . Genesis 24 . 14 . thereby 1 Samuel 20 . 32 . what hath Psalm 56 . 5 . all
deal kindly . Genesis 24 . 49 , Genesis 47 . 29 , Joshua 2 . 14 , Ruth 1 . 8 , Proverbs 3 . 3
thou hast . 1 Samuel 20 . 16 , 1 Samuel 18 . 3 , 1 Samuel 23 . 18
if there be . Joshua 22 . 22 , 2 Samuel 14 . 32 , Psalm 7 . 4 , Psalm 7 . 5 , Acts 25 . 11
why shouldest . 1 Chronicles 12 . 17 , Psalm 116 . 11
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 20 . 31 . send 1 Samuel 22 . 8 . that my son 1 Samuel 29 . 8 . But what have 2 Samuel 21 . 7 . because Psalm 7 . 3 . if I
then would . 1 Samuel 20 . 38 , 1 Samuel 20 . 42 , 1 Samuel 19 . 2
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 19 . 3 . what I see 1 Samuel 20 . 7 . evil 1 Samuel 25 . 17 . evil Esther 7 . 7 . for he saw
answer thee . 1 Samuel 20 . 30-34 , 1 Samuel 25 . 10 , 1 Samuel 25 . 14 , 1 Samuel 25 . 17 , Genesis 42 . 7 , Genesis 42 . 30 , 1 Kings 12 . 13 , Proverbs 18 . 23
O Lord . This #### Verse is evidently deficient. The LXX have ץסיןע ן וןע ףסבחכ ןיהום , "The Lord God of Israel doth know;" the Syraic and Arabic , "The Lord God of Israel is witness;" either of which makes good sense. But two of Dr. Kennicott's manuscripts supply the word chai , "liveth;" and the text reads thus . "As the Lord God of Israel liveth , when I have sounded my father . if there be good unto David , and I then send not unto thee ," etc.; which is a still better sense. Joshua 22 . 22 , Job 31 . 4 , Psalm 17 . 3 , Psalm 139 . 1-4
sounded . Heb. searched , Proverbs 20 . 5 , Proverbs 25 . 2 , Proverbs 25 . 3
show it thee . Heb. uncover thine ear , 1 Samuel 20 . 2
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 23 . 18 . General
The Lord do . 1 Samuel 3 . 17 , 1 Samuel 25 . 22 , Ruth 1 . 17 , 2 Samuel 3 . 35 , 2 Samuel 19 . 13 , 1 Kings 19 . 2 , 1 Kings 20 . 10
the Lord be . 1 Samuel 17 . 37 , Joshua 1 . 5 , 1 Chronicles 22 . 11 , 1 Chronicles 22 . 16 , Matthew 28 . 20 , Philippians 4 . 9
he hath been with my father . 1 Samuel 10 . 7 , 1 Samuel 11 . 6-13 , 1 Samuel 14 . 47 , 2 Samuel 7 . 15
Reciprocal . Genesis 21 . 23 . swear Joshua 1 . 17 . only the Lord 1 Samuel 19 . 3 . what I see 1 Samuel 22 . 8 . that my son 1 Kings 1 . 37 . As the 2 Thessalonians 3 . 16 . The Lord be
the kindness . 2 Samuel 9 . 3 , Ephesians 5 . 1 , Ephesians 5 . 2
Reciprocal . Genesis 31 . 44 . let us Genesis 40 . 14 . show Joshua 2 . 12 . swear 1 Samuel 20 . 23 . the matter 1 Samuel 24 . 21 . Swear 2 Samuel 9 . 1 . show him
thou shalt . 1 Samuel 24 . 21 , 2 Samuel 9 . 1-7 , 2 Samuel 21 . 7
Reciprocal . Genesis 40 . 14 . show Joshua 2 . 12 . swear 1 Samuel 20 . 23 . the matter
made . Heb. cut , 1 Samuel 18 . 3 , Genesis 15 . 18
Let the Lord . 1 Samuel 25 . 22 , 1 Samuel 31 . 2 , 2 Samuel 4 . 7 , 2 Samuel 4 . 8 , 2 Samuel 21 . 8
Reciprocal . Genesis 26 . 31 . sware Joshua 22 . 23 . let the Lord 1 Samuel 20 . 8 . thou hast Jeremiah 40 . 9 . sware
because he loved him . or , by his love toward him
for he loved . 1 Samuel 18 . 1 , 1 Samuel 18 . 3 , Deuteronomy 13 . 6 , 2 Samuel 1 . 26 , Proverbs 18 . 24
Reciprocal . Genesis 21 . 23 . swear Genesis 24 . 3 . swear Genesis 26 . 31 . sware Joshua 2 . 12 . swear 2 Samuel 21 . 7 . because Proverbs 17 . 17 . General Jeremiah 40 . 9 . sware
new moon . 1 Samuel 20 . 5
and thou shalt . Among the forms of salutation and compliment used in Persia , one was , according to my mode of notation in italics , Ja i shama khali bud pish yaran , signifying , Thy place or seat was empty among thy friends. This phrase , or the greater part of it , was frequently addressed to myself when coming into a circle of Persian acquaintances , after an absence of several days or weeks. It reminded me of a passage in the First book of Samuel . 1 Samuel 20 . 18. And thou shalt be missed , because thy seat will be empty. And again , David's place was empty." Sir W. Ouseley's Travels , vol i. preface , p.16.
empty . Heb. missed
Reciprocal . Colossians 2 . 16 . the new
quickly . or , diligently , Heb. greatly
hide thyself . 1 Samuel 20 . 5 , 1 Samuel 19 . 2
when the business . Heb. in the day of the business
Ezel . or , that sheweth the way.
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 20 . 35 . at the time
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 20 . 36 . Run
no . Heb. not any thing
as the . Jeremiah 4 . 2 , Jeremiah 5 . 2 , Jeremiah 12 . 16 , Amos 8 . 14
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 20 . 36 . Run 1 Kings 1 . 29 . As the 1 Kings 17 . 12 . As the Lord Job 27 . 2 . God liveth
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 20 . 36 . beyond him 1 Samuel 20 . 42 . Go in peace
the matter . 1 Samuel 20 . 14 , 1 Samuel 20 . 15
the Lord . 1 Samuel 20 . 42 , Genesis 16 . 5 , Genesis 31 . 50
Reciprocal . 2 Corinthians 9 . 1 . touching
the king . Psalm 50 . 16-21 , Proverbs 4 . 17 , Proverbs 15 . 17 , Proverbs 17 . 1 , Proverbs 21 . 3 , Proverbs 21 . 27 , Isaiah 1 . 11-15 , Zechariah 7 . 6 , John 18 . 28
Reciprocal . Psalm 35 . 16 . hypocritical
as at other times . Judges 16 . 20
he is not clean . Leviticus 7 . 21 , Leviticus 11 . 24 , Leviticus 11 . 27 , Leviticus 11 . 31 , Leviticus 11 . 40 , Leviticus 15 . 5 , Leviticus 15 . 16 , Leviticus 15 . 17 , Leviticus 15 . 19-21 , Numbers 19 . 16
Reciprocal . Numbers 11 . 26 . went not out Ecclesiastes 10 . 13 . beginning Zephaniah 1 . 7 . bid
Wherefore . 1 Samuel 18 . 11 , 1 Samuel 19 . 9 , 1 Samuel 19 . 10 , 1 Samuel 19 . 15
the son . 1 Samuel 22 . 7-9 , 1 Samuel 22 . 13 , 1 Samuel 22 . 14 , 1 Samuel 25 . 10 , Isaiah 11 . 1 , Isaiah 11 . 2 , Matthew 13 . 55 , 1 Peter 2 . 4
Reciprocal . 2 Chronicles 10 . 16 . the son
my brother . 1 Samuel 17 . 28
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 6 . 14 . offered 1 Samuel 16 . 2 . I am come Esther 8 . 5 . if I
Saul's . Job 5 . 2 , Proverbs 14 . 29 , Proverbs 19 . 12 , Proverbs 19 . 19 , Proverbs 21 . 24 , Proverbs 25 . 28 , Proverbs 27 . 3 , James 1 . 19 , James 1 . 20
Thou . etc. or , Thou per#### Verse rebel , Heb. Son of per#### Verse rebellion , Proverbs 15 . 2 , Proverbs 21 . 24 , Matthew 5 . 22 , Ephesians 4 . 31 , Ephesians 6 . 4
and unto the . This reflection on the mother of Jonathan , by the passionate monarch , reflects more dishonour on himself than on his brave and noble minded son. Mungo Park gives an instance of the prevalence of the same principles in Africa; for he says , "Maternal affection is every where conspicuous among the Africans , and creates a correspondent return of tenderness in the child. Strike me ,' said my attendant , but do not curse my mother.' I found the same sentiment to prevail universally in all parts of Africa." King Saul , unable to villify Jonathan to his own satisfaction by personal reproaches , outstepped the ordinary abuse of his day , and proceeded to that which was designed to produce unusual vexation , and vented the bitterness of his mind by maligning the character of his own wife and Jonathan's mother.
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 20 . 10 . answer thee 1 Samuel 22 . 7 . the son of Jesse 1 Samuel 22 . 8 . that my son 1 Samuel 24 . 20 . I know well 1 Samuel 25 . 10 . Who is David 1 Kings 12 . 13 . answered 2 Chronicles 10 . 16 . the son Psalm 120 . 6 . soul Psalm 124 . 3 . their wrath Proverbs 12 . 16 . fool's Proverbs 18 . 3 . General Daniel 3 . 13 . in his Matthew 1 . 6 . Jesse
send . 1 Samuel 20 . 8 , 1 Samuel 19 . 6 , 1 Samuel 19 . 11-15
shall surely die . Heb. is the son of death , 1 Samuel 26 . 16 , 2 Samuel 19 . 28 , Psalm 79 . 11 , *marg.
Reciprocal . Genesis 2 . 17 . surely Genesis 23 . 2 . Kirjatharba 1 Samuel 14 . 39 . General 1 Samuel 18 . 8 . and what 1 Samuel 22 . 16 . Thou shalt 1 Samuel 23 . 17 . that also Saul 1 Samuel 24 . 20 . I know well 2 Samuel 12 . 5 . shall surely die 1 Kings 12 . 13 . answered 2 Chronicles 10 . 16 . the son Psalm 35 . 12 . spoiling Psalm 119 . 23 . Princes Proverbs 19 . 19 . man Proverbs 29 . 10 . The bloodthirsty Jonah 4 . 10 . came up in a night Matthew 1 . 6 . Jesse Matthew 27 . 23 . Why Luke 3 . 32 . was the son of Jesse
Wherefore . 1 Samuel 19 . 5 , Proverbs 24 . 11 , Proverbs 24 . 12 , Proverbs 31 . 8 , Proverbs 31 . 9 , John 7 . 51
what hath . Matthew 27 . 23 , Luke 23 . 22 , cast , 1 Samuel 18 . 11 , 1 Samuel 19 . 10 , 1 Samuel 19 . 11 , Proverbs 22 . 24 , Ecclesiastes 9 . 3 , Jeremiah 17 . 9 , whereby , 1 Samuel 20 . 7 , Ecclesiastes 7 . 9
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 19 . 4 . spake good 1 Samuel 22 . 14 . And who 1 Samuel 25 . 17 . that a man
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 18 . 11 . cast the javelin 1 Samuel 19 . 10 . he slipped 1 Samuel 22 . 6 . spear 1 Samuel 22 . 17 . slay the priests 1 Samuel 25 . 17 . evil Psalm 31 . 13 . while Psalm 56 . 5 . all
in fierce . Ecclesiastes 7 . 20 , Ephesians 4 . 26
he was grieved . Mark 3 . 5
at the time . 1 Samuel 20 . 19 , 2 Samuel 20 . 5
Run . 1 Samuel 20 . 20 , 1 Samuel 20 . 21
beyond him . Heb. to pass over him , 1 Samuel 20 . 21 , 1 Samuel 20 . 22
Reciprocal . 2 Samuel 1 . 18 . bow
Psalm 55 . 6-9 , Proverbs 6 . 4 , Proverbs 6 . 5 , Matthew 24 . 16-18 , Mark 13 . 14-16 , Luke 17 . 31 , Luke 17 . 32
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 9 . 27 . Bid the servant 1 Samuel 20 . 9 . then would 1 Samuel 23 . 26 . David made haste 2 Samuel 17 . 16 . but speedily Psalm 11 . 1 . how
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 9 . 27 . Bid the servant
artillery . Heb. instruments , Rather weapons , as the word kelim also denotes; and here means the bow , quiver , and arrows. This is probably the only place in our language in which the word artillery is not applied to cannon or ordinance , but simply to weapons of war.
his lad . Heb. the lad that was his
and fell . 1 Samuel 25 . 23 , Genesis 43 . 28 , 2 Samuel 9 . 6
and they kissed . 1 Samuel 10 . 1 , Genesis 29 . 11 , Genesis 29 . 13 , Genesis 45 . 15 , 2 Samuel 19 . 39 , Acts 20 . 37
David exceeded . 1 Samuel 18 . 3 , 2 Samuel 1 . 26
Reciprocal . 1 Samuel 24 . 8 . David stooped 2 Samuel 14 . 4 . fell on her 1 Kings 1 . 16 . bowed 1 Kings 18 . 7 . fell on Acts 20 . 1 . embraced Acts 21 . 1 . we were
Go in peace . 1 Samuel 20 . 22 , 1 Samuel 1 . 17 , Numbers 6 . 26 , Luke 7 . 50 , Acts 16 . 36
forasmuch as . or , the Lord be witness of that which , etc. 1 Samuel 20 . 23
And he arose . 1 Samuel 23 . 18 , The separation of two such faithful friends was equally grievous to them both , but David's case was the more deplorable . for when Jonathan was returning to his family and friends , David was leaving all his comforts , even those of God's sanctuary , and therefore his grief exceeded Jonathan's; or , perhaps it was because his temper was more tender and his passions stronger. They referred each other to the covenant of friendship that was between them , both of them being comforted thereby in this very mournful separation . "We have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord , for ourselves and our heirs , that we and they will be faithful and kind to each other from generation to generation.
Reciprocal . Genesis 21 . 23 . swear 1 Samuel 18 . 3 . made a covenant 1 Samuel 20 . 9 . then would 1 Samuel 22 . 8 . that my son 1 Samuel 25 . 35 . Go up 2 Samuel 9 . 1 . show him 2 Samuel 14 . 11 . let the king 2 Samuel 21 . 7 . because Jeremiah 42 . 5 . The Lord be Mark 5 . 34 . go Acts 17 . 10 . the brethren Acts 20 . 1 . embraced Acts 21 . 1 . we were