Matthew 5:33 → Leviticus 19:12

The fourth antithesis's formulation "you shall not break your oath, but shall perform to the Lord what you have sworn" reflects the Holiness Code's prohibition in Leviticus 19:12: "You shall not swear by my name falsely, and so profane the name of your God" (lo tishav'u bishmi lashaker). Matthew 5:33 constructs a composite summary of the OT oath regulations (drawing also on Numbers 30:2 and Deuteronomy 23:21-23), of which the Leviticus prohibition against false swearing is a central component. Jesus's response does not merely tighten oath requirements but transcends the entire framework of oath-taking by calling for a radical integrity of speech that makes oaths unnecessary. The deeper logic is that oaths invoke divine witness because human speech cannot be trusted on its own — but in the kingdom community, yes is to mean yes and no is to mean no, rendering oath-protocols superfluous. Jesus thus fulfills the spirit of Leviticus 19:12 by eliminating the need for the system it regulates.