How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

New to a term? The Glossary explains every abbreviation and term on the site in plain words.

Intertextuality Pair

Luke 21:22 → Hosea 9:7

Allusion

Later text

Luke 21:22BSB

For these are the days of vengeance, to fulfill all that is written.

Earlier text

Hosea 9:7BSB

The days of punishment have come; the days of retribution have arrived—let Israel know it. The prophet is called a fool, and the inspired man insane, because of the greatness of your iniquity and hostility.

Walk the Square · a single-voice walk of this pair around the Clowney square13:53

Significance

Jesus declares that the destruction of Jerusalem constitutes "the days of vengeance (hēmerai ekdikēseōs), to fulfill all that is written" (Luke 21:22). The phrase "days of vengeance" echoes a cluster of prophetic texts, most directly Hosea 9:7 — bāʾû yĕmê happeqūddāh bāʾû yĕmê hašillūm ("the days of punishment have come, the days of reckoning have arrived"). Hosea 9 describes Yahweh's judgment on Israel's apostasy, specifically through exile and the suspension of prophetic revelation. Jesus announces that the pattern of prophetic judgment — vengeance for accumulated covenant violations — is being definitively fulfilled in the Roman destruction of Jerusalem. The phrase "to fulfill all that is written" signals that the 70 CE judgment is not an anomaly but the culmination of the recurring biblical pattern of divine retribution on unfaithful Israel. Isaiah 34:8, 61:2, and 63:4 also use "day of vengeance" language as part of this background.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Analogy + Longitudinal Theme