How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

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Intertextuality Pair

Luke 23:46 → Psalms 31:5

Quotation

Later text

Luke 23:46BSB

Then Jesus called out in a loud voice, “Father, into Your hands I commit My Spirit.” And when He had said this, He breathed His last.

Earlier text

Psalms 31:5BSB

Into Your hands I commit my spirit; You have redeemed me, O LORD, God of truth.

Walk the Square · a single-voice walk of this pair around the Clowney square8:43

Significance

Jesus' final words from the cross — "Father, into Your hands I commit My Spirit" (Pater, eis cheiras sou paratithēmai to pneuma mou) — are a direct quotation of Psalm 31:5a (bĕ-yādĕkā ʾapqîd rûḥî, "into your hands I entrust my spirit"), with the added address "Father." Psalm 31 is David's prayer of trust in Yahweh as a personal refuge amid persecution, false accusation, and the threat of death. Jesus cites the psalm from a position of actual death, transforming a prayer of trust-in-crisis into an act of voluntary self-surrender. The addition of "Father" (Pater) is significant: Psalm 31:5 addresses Yahweh generically, but Jesus intensifies the intimacy by addressing God as his Father even in the moment of death. Stephen echoes the same verse at his martyrdom (Acts 7:59), establishing a pattern of Christological citation for the church's dying. The prayer embeds in the death of Jesus the Davidic posture of trusting surrender.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Direct Quotation
Connection Method(s): Typology (Direct Type, Backward-Looking) + Analogy