Intertextuality Pair

John 1:29 → Leviticus 16:21-22

Allusion

Later text

John 1:29BSB

The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!

Earlier text

Leviticus 16:21-22BSB

Then he is to lay both hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities and rebellious acts of the Israelites in regard to all their sins. He is to put them on the goat's head and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man appointed for the task. The goat will carry on itself all their iniquities into a solitary place, and the man will release it into the wilderness.

Significance

The verb in John 1:29 — the Lamb "who takes away the sin of the world" — resonates with the Day of Atonement scapegoat: Aaron was to lay both hands on its head and "confess over it all the iniquities and rebellious acts of the Israelites... and send it away into the wilderness," so that "the goat will carry on itself all their iniquities into a solitary place" (Lev 16:21-22). Here the Levitical ritual supplies the imagery of sin actually removed and borne away, not merely covered. The connection is typological but mediated and non-verbal: John names no goat, and the removal function reaches Christ through Isaiah's sin-bearing Servant. The live goat is a historical, divinely-instituted type whose function — bearing the people's iniquities away into a solitary place — finds its escalated antitype in Christ, who takes away the sin of the world, not of one nation for one year. (Hebrews' "outside the city gate" motif, Heb 13:11-12, answers the slain sin offering burned outside the camp, Lev 16:27, not the live goat.) The Day of Atonement required two goats — one slain for blood-propitiation, one driven out for removal — and Christ fulfills both: He is the Lamb whose blood propitiates and the Scapegoat who carries sin away forever. The telos is liberty of conscience: because the true Sin-Bearer has carried our guilt into a solitary place from which it never returns, the believer beholds in Him an irreversible cleansing that frees the heart to delight in God.

Found via
Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type
Allusion
Connection Method(s)
Typology (Mediated/Indirect)

▸ The Day of Atonement

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