How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

New to a term? The Glossary explains every abbreviation and term on the site in plain words.

Intertextuality Pair

John 13:18 → Psalms 41:9

Quotation

Later text

John 13:18BSB

I am not speaking about all of you; I know whom I have chosen. But this is to fulfill the Scripture: ‘The one who shares My bread has lifted up his heel against Me.’

Earlier text

Psalms 41:9BSB

Even my close friend whom I trusted, the one who shared my bread, has lifted up his heel against me.

Walk the Square · a single-voice walk of this pair around the Clowney square10:02

Significance

One of three fulfillment citations voiced by Jesus in John (13:18; 15:25; 17:12; the narrator adds 19:24, 36). Close to MT, not LXX. Uses trōgō (not LXX's esthiō), linking to 6:54-58 "bread of life" discourse. Omits "in whom I trusted" to avoid implying Jesus surprised. Davidic psalm portraying righteous sufferer facing betrayal by close friend.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Direct Quotation
Connection Method(s): Typology (indirect / typological fulfillment) — Jesus says the betrayal happened so that "this is to fulfill the Scripture," but Psalm 41:9 is not a predictive oracle awaiting a promised event; it is David's lament over a table-companion's treachery. The fulfillment is typico-prophetical (Fairbairn): the psalm is the type's own utterance, and what it foretells it foretells by being the pattern rather than by making a promise. Hence indirect typology rather than Promise-Fulfillment — there is no divine word pledged here that awaits discharge.

Linked Mentions 2

Trajectory Tables 2