How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

New to a term? The Glossary explains every abbreviation and term on the site in plain words.

Intertextuality Pair

John 17:12 → Psalms 41:9

Allusion

Later text

John 17:12BSB

While I was with them, I protected and preserved them by Your name, the name You gave Me. Not one of them has been lost, except the son of destruction, so that the Scripture would be fulfilled.

Earlier text

Psalms 41:9BSB

Even my close friend whom I trusted, the one who shared my bread, has lifted up his heel against me.

+ 3 more earlier texts

Earlier text

Psalms 69:25BSB

May their place be deserted; let there be no one to dwell in their tents.

Earlier text

Isaiah 57:4BSB

Whom are you mocking? At whom do you snarl and stick out your tongue? Are you not children of transgression, offspring of deceit,

Earlier text

Isaiah 34:5BSB

When My sword has drunk its fill in the heavens, then it will come down upon Edom, upon the people I have devoted to destruction.

Significance

"Son of destruction" = Semitism (cf. Matthew 23:15; Dead Sea texts). Could refer to Judas's character (Isaiah 57:4 LXX; Jubilees 10:3) or destiny (Isaiah 34:5 LXX). In keeping with Johannine theodicy (12:38-40), even Judas's betrayal said to occur "in order for Scripture to be fulfilled." Doesn't alter Judas making decision as responsible agent (Mark 14:21/Matthew 26:24). God sovereignly overrode Judas's evil to bring about good purposes (cf. Genesis 50:20).

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Promise-Fulfillment + Typology