How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

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Intertextuality Pair

Acts 7:54 → Job 16:9

Echo

Later text

Acts 7:54BSB

On hearing this, the members of the Sanhedrin were enraged, and they gnashed their teeth at him.

Earlier text

Job 16:9BSB

His anger has torn me and opposed me; He gnashes His teeth at me. My adversary pierces me with His eyes.

+ 2 more earlier texts

Earlier text

Lamentations 2:16BSB

All your enemies open their mouths against you. They hiss and gnash their teeth, saying, “We have swallowed her up. This is the day for which we have waited. We have lived to see it!”

Earlier text

Psalms 35:16BSB

Like godless jesters at a feast, they gnashed their teeth at me.

Walk the Square · this video walks Acts 7:54-57 as a whole, from Acts 7.56 → Daniel 7.13-1413:45

Significance

Luke sets the Sanhedrin in the exact posture of the Old Testament righteous sufferer's adversaries: "they gnashed their teeth at him" (Acts 7:54) answers the enemies who "gnashed their teeth" at the psalmist (Psalm 35:16), at Job (Job 16:9), and at fallen Zion (Lamentations 2:16). As the wicked once raged against David, Job, and Zion, so now against Stephen — whose whole death scene Luke patterns on his Lord's (7:59-60; cf. Psalm 31:5; Luke 23:34, 46). The recurring image of the gnashing wicked frames the first martyr as the righteous witness standing where Christ stood, entering by analogy into the fellowship of his Lord's sufferings. To be hated as the Righteous One was hated is to be counted with him; and the same Christ whose glory Stephen beholds (7:55) turns even the rage of enemies into the seal of his servants' likeness to him.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Echo
Connection Method(s): Analogy