How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

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Intertextuality Pair

1 Corinthians 16:13 → Deuteronomy 31:6-7

Echo

Later text

1 Corinthians 16:13BSB

Be on the alert. Stand firm in the faith. Be men of courage. Be strong.

Earlier text

Deuteronomy 31:6-7BSB

Be strong and courageous; do not be afraid or terrified of them, for it is the LORD your God who goes with you; He will never leave you nor forsake you." Then Moses called for Joshua and said to him in the presence of all Israel, “Be strong and courageous, for you will go with this people into the land that the LORD swore to their fathers to give them, and you shall give it to them as an inheritance.

Walk the Square · a single-voice walk of this pair around the Clowney square13:46

Significance

Paul's exhortation "be men of courage, be strong" (andrizesthe, krataiousthe) in 1 Corinthians 16:13 echoes the Torah's charge language, particularly Deuteronomy 31:6-7 where Moses exhorts Israel and Joshua: "Be strong and courageous" (chizqu ve'imtsu). The LXX renders this andrizesthe kai ischysate, and Paul's use of andrizesthe and krataiousthe draws from this same semantic field. The original charge marked the transition of leadership as Israel prepared to enter the Promised Land under Joshua; it was repeated to Joshua personally (31:23) and became a foundational exhortation for covenant faithfulness (Josh 1:6-9). Paul applies this wilderness-to-conquest charge language to the Corinthian church, who face their own battles — internal division, doctrinal confusion, and moral compromise. The redemptive-historical progression is significant: the same God who empowered Joshua for conquest empowers the church for its mission, and the same call to faithful courage applies in the new covenant age.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Echo
Connection Method(s): Analogy + Redemptive-Historical Progression