How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

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Intertextuality Pair

James 5:11 → Ezekiel 14:14

Allusion

Later text

James 5:11BSB

See how blessed we consider those who have persevered. You have heard of Job's perseverance and have seen the outcome from the Lord. The Lord is full of compassion and mercy.

Earlier text

Ezekiel 14:14BSB

then even if these three men—Noah, Daniel, and Job—were in it, their righteousness could deliver only themselves, declares the Lord GOD.

Walk the Square · a single-voice walk of this pair around the Clowney square14:04

Significance

James cites Job as the exemplar of perseverance: "You have heard of the perseverance of Job" (tēn hypomonēn Iōb ēkousate). While the primary allusion is to the book of Job itself, the canonical tradition of Job as a righteous sufferer is also reflected in Ezekiel 14:14, where God names Noah, Daniel, and Job as paradigms of personal righteousness. Ezekiel's inclusion of Job alongside these exemplary figures elevated Job to canonical status as a model of faithfulness under extreme trial. James draws on this tradition, using Job to encourage believers facing suffering to persevere. The outcome James emphasizes — "you have seen what the Lord finally brought about" (to telos kyriou eidete) — points to God's compassionate restoration (Job 42:10-17), demonstrating that "the Lord is full of compassion and mercy."

Found via: John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1763)
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Analogy