Intertextuality Pair

Revelation 11:6 → Exodus 7:17-25

Allusion

Later text

Revelation 11:6BSB

These witnesses have power to shut the sky so that no rain will fall during the days of their prophecy, and power to turn the waters into blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague as often as they wish. Revelation 11:6

Earlier text

Exodus 7:17-25BSB

This is what the LORD says: By this you will know that I am the LORD. Behold, with the staff in my hand I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will turn to blood. The fish in the Nile will die, the river will stink, and the Egyptians will be unable to drink its water.'" And the LORD said to Moses, "Tell Aaron, 'Take your staff and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt—over their rivers and canals and ponds and reservoirs—that they may become blood.' There will be blood throughout the land of Egypt, even in the vessels of wood and stone." Moses and Aaron did just as the LORD had commanded; in the presence of Pharaoh and his officials, Aaron raised the staff and struck the water of the Nile, and all the water was turned to blood. The fish in the Nile died, and the river smelled so bad that the Egyptians could not drink its water. And there was blood throughout the land of Egypt. But the magicians of Egypt did the same things by their magic arts. So Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said. Instead, Pharaoh turned around, went into his palace, and did not take any of this to heart. So all the Egyptians dug around the Nile for water to drink, because they could not drink the water from the river. And seven full days passed after the LORD had struck the Nile.

Significance

The second power of the two witnesses — "to turn the waters into blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague" — recalls Moses' role in the Egyptian plagues, beginning with turning the Nile to blood (Exod 7:17-25). The phrase "every kind of plague" (pasē plēgē) echoes the comprehensive nature of Moses' plague ministry against Pharaoh. By combining Elijah's drought power with Moses' plague power in a single pair of witnesses, John creates a composite figure embodying Israel's two greatest prophetic traditions: Moses the lawgiver and Elijah the reformer. These are the same two who appeared with Christ at the Transfiguration (Matt 17:3), representing the Law and the Prophets. The eschatological witnesses thus carry forward the dual testimony of Torah and Prophets, now bearing witness to Christ in the final confrontation between God's kingdom and the world's rebellion.

Found via
Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type
Allusion
Connection Method(s)
Typology (Providential Type, Backward-Looking) + Longitudinal Theme

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