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An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

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Intertextuality Pair

Revelation 16:21 → Ezekiel 38:19-22

Allusion

Later text

Revelation 16:21BSB

And great hailstones weighing almost a hundred pounds each rained down on them from above. And men cursed God for the plague of hail, because it was so horrendous.

Earlier text

Ezekiel 38:19-22BSB

In My zeal and fiery rage I proclaim that on that day there will be a great earthquake in the land of Israel. The fish of the sea, the birds of the air, the beasts of the field, every creature that crawls upon the ground, and all mankind on the face of the earth will tremble at My presence. The mountains will be thrown down, the cliffs will collapse, and every wall will fall to the ground. And I will summon a sword against Gog on all My mountains, declares the Lord GOD, and every man’s sword will be against his brother. I will execute judgment upon him with plague and bloodshed. I will pour out torrents of rain, hailstones, fire, and sulfur on him and on his troops and on the many nations with him.

Significance

Ezekiel 38:19-22 describes YHWH's judgment on Gog with "a great earthquake," "torrents of rain, hailstones, and burning sulfur." Revelation 16:18-21 combines exactly these elements: the greatest earthquake in human history followed by "great hailstones weighing almost a hundred pounds." The verbal parallels — earthquake (seismos), hail (chalaza), and the cosmic scale — demonstrate John's deliberate allusion to Ezekiel's Gog oracle. This passage prepares for the explicit Gog and Magog reference in Revelation 20:8. The escalation is from Ezekiel's eschatological battle against Israel's land to the universal, final judgment on all who oppose God's people. Both texts present divine meteorological warfare as the means of ultimate victory over the assembled enemies of God.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Promise-Fulfillment + Longitudinal Theme