The Hyperlinked Bible
Intertextuality Pair
Allusion
Later text
This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, He made him in His own likeness. Male and female He created them, and He blessed them. And in the day they were created, He called them "man." When Adam was 130 years old, he had a son in his own likeness, after his own image; and he named him Seth.
Earlier text
Then God said, "Let Us make man in Our image, after Our likeness, to rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, and over all the earth itself and every creature that crawls upon it." So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. God blessed them and said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and every creature that crawls upon the earth."
Genesis 5:1-3 opens the toledot of Adam by deliberately restating the creation of humanity before it records a single generation — and it restates it twice, in two separable strands that do not carry the same warrant and are therefore kept apart here.
Leg (i) — "male and female." `Genesis 1:27 → Genesis 5:2`. Genesis 5:2 reproduces the creation clause of Genesis 1:27 almost word for word: "Male and female He created them" (H2145 zakar / H5347 neqebah, with H1254 bara), blessed them, and named them "man." This is the strongest verbal link between the two pericopes — a near-verbatim parallel — chaining forward to Matthew 19:4 (and Mark 10:6), where Jesus quotes it as the creation ordinance behind marriage. What the genealogy asserts by this repetition is that the line about to be listed is the line of the humanity God made, male and female, and blessed.
Leg (ii) — the image and likeness. `Genesis 1:26 → Genesis 5:1, 5:3`. The image-and-likeness word-pair, tselem (H6754) and demuth (H1823), stands together in only two verses of the Hebrew Bible, Genesis 1:26 and 5:3 — and between them the possessor changes. At Genesis 1:26 the pair is God's ("in Our image, after Our likeness"), and Genesis 5:1 restates the likeness as His ("In the day that God created man, He made him in His own likeness"). At Genesis 5:3 the same two nouns, in reversed order, are Adam's: Adam "had a son in his own likeness, after his own image." The text marks the change of owner in its own vocabulary; that the owner is now a fallen head is supplied by Genesis 3 before it and by the chapter's refrain of death after it; and that a head transmits in his own condition is the reading Romans 5:12-21 makes doctrine — this pair's reading, not a claim the verse makes by itself. The same verse is also read as sonship language (Seth resembling Adam as Adam was made to reflect God; cf. Luke 3:38) and as witness that the image survived the Fall (the facet TT 076 carries); this pair's reading stands beside those, not against them. In the Greek, Genesis 5:1 renders the likeness as "the image of God," making the echo of 1:27 explicit. The verbal strength of this leg is its own, not borrowed from leg (i).
Together the two legs make the toledot heading a hinge: creation restated (leg i), and then creation propagated through a head who has fallen (leg ii). The genealogy that follows is a genealogy of image-bearers under sentence of death — the refrain "and then he died" recurring eight times against the blessing of Genesis 1:28 — and the canon answers it in the last Adam, who is not merely in the image but is the image (Colossians 1:15), and in whom the image is renewed in those united to Him (Colossians 3:9-10; 2 Corinthians 3:18).
Ownership. Leg (ii), the change of possessor, is owned by TT 005 — the federal head and the propagation of his condition. Leg (i), the "male and female" recapitulation, is argued by TT 076 for the image's created form; TT 005 does not claim it.