How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

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Intertextuality Pair

Deuteronomy 22:1 → Exodus 23:4

Quotation

Later text

Deuteronomy 22:1BSB

If you see your brother's ox or sheep straying, you must not ignore it; be sure to return it to your brother.

Earlier text

Exodus 23:4BSB

If you encounter your enemy's stray ox or donkey, you must return it to him.

Significance

Exodus 23:4 commands returning a straying animal even if it belongs to an enemy (אֹיְבְךָ, oyevkha, "your enemy"), while Deuteronomy 22:1 broadens this to any "brother's" (אָחִיךָ, achikha) wandering animal: "If you see your brother's ox or sheep straying, you must not ignore it; be sure to return it to your brother." The shift from "enemy" in Exodus to "brother" in Deuteronomy may reflect different rhetorical emphases—Exodus makes the hardest case (even your enemy's animal), while Deuteronomy emphasizes fraternal obligation within the covenant community. Both laws prohibit indifference to a neighbor's property loss and require active intervention to restore straying animals.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Direct Quotation
Connection Method(s): Redemptive-Historical Progression — Exodus 23:4's command to return even an enemy's straying ox is re-promulgated at Moab in fraternal terms ("your brother's ox or sheep"), the same anti-indifference statute carried forward for the covenant community settling the land.