Later text
Do not take a pair of millstones or even an upper millstone as security for a debt, because that would be taking one's livelihood as security.
Intertextuality Pair
Allusion
Later text
Do not take a pair of millstones or even an upper millstone as security for a debt, because that would be taking one's livelihood as security.
Earlier text
If you take your neighbor's cloak as collateral, return it to him by sunset, because his cloak is the only covering he has for his body. What else will he sleep in? And if he cries out to Me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.
Exodus 22:26-27 protects the poor man's garment from permanent seizure as a pledge, and Deuteronomy 24:6 extends this protection to millstones: "Do not take a pair of millstones or even an upper millstone as security for a debt, because that would be taking one's livelihood (נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh) as security." Both texts establish the principle that items essential to survival may not be taken as loan collateral—garments for bodily warmth and millstones for daily food preparation. Deuteronomy's theological justification ("taking a life") articulates the principle that undergirds both laws: seizing the means of subsistence is tantamount to threatening the debtor's existence.