How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

New to a term? The Glossary explains every abbreviation and term on the site in plain words.

Intertextuality Pair

Joshua 24:12 → Exodus 23:28

Allusion

Later text

Joshua 24:12BSB

I sent the hornet ahead of you, and it drove out the two Amorite kings before you, but not by your own sword or bow.

Earlier text

Exodus 23:28BSB

I will send the hornet before you to drive the Hivites and Canaanites and Hittites out of your way.

Significance

Exodus 23:28 promises "I will send the hornet (הַצִּרְעָה, hatsir'ah) ahead of you to drive out the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hittites before you," and Joshua 24:12 records the fulfillment at the Shechem covenant renewal: "I sent the hornet ahead of you, which drove them out before you—the two kings of the Amorites." Joshua's retrospective uses the identical term צִרְעָה (tsir'ah) and presents it as God's own speech ("I sent"), confirming that the Exodus promise was fulfilled during the conquest. This promise-fulfillment connection is embedded within Joshua's farewell address, which systematically traces God's faithfulness from Abraham through the conquest, with the hornet promise serving as evidence that God kept every word He spoke at Sinai.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Promise-Fulfillment

Linked Mentions 1

Trajectory Tables 1

Conquest of Canaan Trajectory Table