For if you really correct your ways and deeds, if you act justly toward one another, if you no longer oppress the foreigner and the fatherless and the widow, and if you no longer shed innocent blood in this place or follow other gods to your own harm,
You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
Significance
Exodus 20:16 prohibits false testimony, and Jeremiah 7:5-6 demands truthful justice: "act justly toward one another" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat). The ninth commandment protects the judicial process from perjury, while Jeremiah extends this to the entire social fabric—justice must be genuine (not merely formal), impartial (protecting foreigners, orphans, and widows), and comprehensive (governing all community relationships). Jeremiah's temple sermon demonstrates that the Decalogue's truth-telling requirement undergirds the whole covenant order: where false witness prevails, justice collapses, the vulnerable suffer, and God's presence in the temple becomes untenable.