Ezekiel 34:23 → Jeremiah 23:1

Both Ezekiel 34:23 and Jeremiah 23:1-6 respond to the failure of Israel's shepherds by promising a future Davidic ruler. Jeremiah condemns shepherds who "scatter the sheep of My pasture" (23:1) and promises God will raise up a צֶמַח צַדִּיק (tsemach tsaddiq, "righteous Branch") for David. Ezekiel promises "one shepherd, My servant David" (עַבְדִּי דָוִד, avdi David) who will feed the flock. Both prophets, contemporaries in the exilic period, arrive in parallel (Ezekiel likely drawing on Jeremiah) at the same solution to the shepherd crisis: God will replace failed human leadership with a single Davidic figure who embodies the shepherd-king ideal, uniting royal authority with pastoral care for the vulnerable. Jeremiah 23:1 indicts the shepherds who scatter (פּוּץ, puts) the flock; the wider Ezekiel 34 oracle answers that same scattering (34:5, 6, 12, 21) with "one shepherd, My servant David" (34:23) who gathers — the two named verses themselves share only the stock shepherd-verb רָעָה (raʿah), so the arc from indictment to restoration is motif-level, not a verbal citation.