How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

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Intertextuality Pair

Ezekiel 38:6 → Ezekiel 27:10

Echo

Later text

Ezekiel 38:6BSB

as well as Gomer with all its troops, and Beth-togarmah from the far north with all its troops—the many nations with you.

Earlier text

Ezekiel 27:10BSB

Men of Persia, Lydia, and Put served as warriors in your army. They hung their shields and helmets on your walls; they gave you splendor.

Significance

Ezekiel 38:5 includes Persia (פָּרַס, Paras) among Gog's allies, the same nation listed in Ezekiel 27:10 as mercenaries serving in Tyre's military. In the Tyre oracle, Persia along with Lud and Put were "men of war" who enhanced Tyre's commercial splendor; in the Gog oracle, these same peoples are redeployed as instruments of eschatological warfare. This inner-Ezekiel reuse of identical national names from a commercial context into a military-eschatological one demonstrates the prophet's method of constructing the final conflict from familiar geopolitical realities, recasting the known world's powers in their ultimate theological role.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Echo
Connection Method(s): Analogy — the same Persia (with Put) that served among Tyre's warriors with shields and helmets (27:10) marches "all with shields and helmets" in Gog's host (38:5, alongside the troops of v. 6); Ezekiel reuses the cast of his own earlier oracle analogically, the mercenaries of a fallen commercial power corresponding to the soldiers of the final coalition — parallel role, new and ultimate theater.