How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

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Intertextuality Pair

Ezekiel 38:6 → Ezekiel 27:14

Echo

Later text

Ezekiel 38:6BSB

as well as Gomer with all its troops, and Beth-togarmah from the far north with all its troops—the many nations with you.

Earlier text

Ezekiel 27:14BSB

The men of Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares.

Significance

Beth-togarmah appears in Ezekiel 38:6 as part of Gog's military coalition "from the far north with all its troops," while in Ezekiel 27:14 the same people traded horses and war-horses with Tyre. The shift from commercial activity (supplying military animals for trade) to direct military aggression (joining Gog's invasion force) reflects the eschatological transformation of international relations in Ezekiel's final vision. Togarmah's horse-breeding reputation (27:14) makes their military inclusion apt—they bring cavalry strength to Gog's "great company" (קָהָל רָב, qahal rav) of horsemen described in 38:4, connecting their known military resources to their eschatological role.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Echo
Connection Method(s): Analogy — Ezekiel 27:14's Beth-togarmah traded "horses, war horses, and mules" to Tyre; Ezekiel 38:6 enlists "Beth-togarmah from the far north with all its troops" in Gog's cavalry-heavy horde (38:4). The correspondence is functional: the horse-supplying trade partner of the Tyre oracle plays the matching military role in the eschatological muster — analogical redeployment of the same nation, not fulfillment of any promise.