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An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

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Intertextuality Pair

Nahum 1:2 → Deuteronomy 5:9

Allusion

Later text

Nahum 1:2BSB

The LORD is a jealous and avenging God; the LORD is avenging and full of wrath. The LORD takes vengeance on His foes and reserves wrath for His enemies.

Earlier text

Deuteronomy 5:9BSB

You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on their children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me,

Significance

Nahum 1:2 declares "the LORD is a jealous and avenging God" (אֵל קַנּוֹא, El qanno), directly echoing the self-description of God in Deuteronomy 5:9 where He identifies Himself as "a jealous God" (אֵל קַנָּא) who visits iniquity upon those who hate Him. While Deuteronomy 5:9 addresses this jealousy toward Israel in the context of the second commandment's prohibition of idolatry, Nahum redirects this divine attribute outward against Nineveh and Assyria—nations that have oppressed God's people. The allusion demonstrates that the same covenant jealousy that disciplines Israel for unfaithfulness also protects her by bringing vengeance upon her enemies. Nineveh was, ironically, the very empire God had once used as His instrument of judgment against Israel, showing that this same jealous character now falls upon the rod of judgment itself.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Longitudinal Theme