How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

New to a term? The Glossary explains every abbreviation and term on the site in plain words.

Intertextuality Pair

Nahum 1:2 → Exodus 20:5

Allusion

Later text

Nahum 1:2BSB

The LORD is a jealous and avenging God; the LORD is avenging and full of wrath. The LORD takes vengeance on His foes and reserves wrath for His enemies.

Earlier text

Exodus 20:5BSB

You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on their children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me,

Significance

Nahum 1:2 proclaims the LORD as "a jealous and avenging God" (אֵל קַנּוֹא וְנֹקֵם), echoing Exodus 20:5 where God reveals Himself as "a jealous God" (אֵל קַנָּא) who visits iniquity upon the children of those who hate Him. The Sinai declaration establishes divine jealousy as a covenant attribute tied to exclusive worship, while Nahum applies this same jealousy against Assyria as judgment upon a foreign oppressor. Nahum's hymn thus universalizes the covenant God's jealousy beyond Israel: the God who demands exclusive loyalty from His people also holds hostile nations accountable when they defy His purposes.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Allusion
Connection Method(s): Longitudinal Theme

▸ The Decalogue

Linked Mentions 2

Trajectory Tables 1

Spiritual Adultery (Covenant Faithfulness and Idolatry) Trajectory Table

Anchor Texts 1

Exodus 20 — The Decalogue

Nahum 1:2 → Exodus 20:5

Significance

Related Anchor-Text Networks