How to read this page

An Intertextuality Pair — one connection between two passages, shown as linked verse cards: the Later text and the Earlier text it quotes, alludes to or echoes. The Significance essay explains why the link matters and where it points in Christ.

Reference Type— how explicit the link is: Quotation, Allusion, or Echo
Connection Method(s)— how it carries meaning: e.g. Typology, Promise-Fulfillment, Analogy, Longitudinal Theme
Found via— where the connection was identified, e.g. the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge or an Anchor-Text Network

Graph View — tap the constellation icon in the top bar to see this page's connections as a web of light: gold points are passages, and the coloured threads are the connection types. Click any type in the graph's own legend to filter it in or out, and use the expand control for the full-screen night sky.

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Intertextuality Pair

2 Timothy 2:19 → Isaiah 28:16

Echo

Later text

2 Timothy 2:19BSB

Nevertheless, God’s firm foundation stands, bearing this seal: “The Lord knows those who are His,” and, “Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord must turn away from iniquity.”

Earlier text

Isaiah 28:16BSB

So this is what the Lord GOD says: "See, I lay a stone in Zion, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone, a sure foundation; the one who believes will never be shaken.

Significance

Paul's declaration that "God's firm foundation stands" (ho mentoi stereos themelios tou theou hestēken) echoes Isaiah 28:16, where God declares "See, I lay a stone in Zion, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone, a sure foundation" (mussad mussad). The TSK connects these passages. The "foundation" (themelios) language in 2 Timothy resonates with the Isaianic cornerstone promise, which the NT elsewhere applies to Christ (Rom 9:33; 1 Pet 2:6). Paul's point is that despite the defection of Hymenaeus and Philetus, God's foundational purposes remain unshaken. The echo draws on the broader prophetic theme that God's redemptive work, anchored in the Messiah, cannot be overturned by human apostasy. The "seal" imagery that follows (2:19b) reinforces the permanence and divine authentication of this foundation.

Found via: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Reference Type: Echo
Connection Method(s): Longitudinal Theme

▸ Isa 28:16 — A Stone in Zion

Linked Mentions 1

Anchor Texts 1

Isaiah 28:16 — A Stone in Zion

2 Timothy 2:19 → Isaiah 28:16

Significance

Related Anchor-Text Networks