Later text
Then a mighty angel picked up a stone the size of a great millstone and cast it into the sea, saying: “With such violence the great city of Babylon will be cast down, never to be seen again.
Intertextuality Pair
Allusion
Later text
Then a mighty angel picked up a stone the size of a great millstone and cast it into the sea, saying: “With such violence the great city of Babylon will be cast down, never to be seen again.
Earlier text
When you finish reading this scroll, tie a stone to it and cast it into the Euphrates.
Jeremiah 51:63-64 records the prophetic sign-act: Seraiah was to tie a stone to the scroll of Babylon's doom and cast it into the Euphrates, saying, "In the same way Babylon will sink and never rise again" (51:64). Revelation 18:21 depicts a mighty angel picking up "a stone the size of a great millstone" and casting it into the sea with the declaration, "With such violence the great city of Babylon will be cast down, never to be seen again." The escalation is evident: Jeremiah's small stone becomes a great millstone; the Euphrates becomes the sea; and the symbolic act becomes an angelic enactment of final judgment. The finality language — "never to be seen again" — echoes Jeremiah's "never rise again." This is one of the most direct OT allusions in Revelation 18, with the prophetic sign-act finding its ultimate fulfillment.