Later text
Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and earth had passed away, and the sea was no more.
Intertextuality Pair
Allusion
Later text
Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and earth had passed away, and the sea was no more.
Earlier text
Isaiah 66:22BSB
"For just as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, will endure before Me," declares the LORD, "so your descendants and your name will endure.
Isaiah 66:22 promises, "For just as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, will endure before Me... so your descendants and your name will endure." Revelation 21:1 declares fulfillment: "Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and earth had passed away." The phrase "new heaven and new earth" (shamayim hadashim wa'erets hadashah / ouranon kainon kai gēn kainēn) is shared exactly. Isaiah emphasizes the permanence of the new creation — "will endure before Me" — which Revelation develops through the absence of sea, death, mourning, and pain. While Isaiah 65:17 first introduces the concept, Isaiah 66:22 provides the covenantal guarantee of perpetuity that undergirds John's vision. Together with 2 Peter 3:13, this forms a three-text chain fulfilling Isaiah's new creation promise.