Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
1 Chronicles 2
133 catchwords448 parallels
← 1 Chronicles | ← Ch 1 | Ch 3 →
1 Chronicles 2 . 1 , The sons of Israel; 1 Chronicles 2 . 3 , The posterity of Judah by Tamar; 1 Chronicles 2 . 13 , The children of Jesse; 1 Chronicles 2 . 18 , The posterity of Caleb the son of Hezron; 1 Chronicles 2 . 21 , Hezron’s posterity by the daughter of Machir; 1 Chronicles 2 . 25 , Jerahmeel’s posterity; 1 Chronicles 2 . 34 , Sheshan’s posterity; 1 Chronicles 2 . 42 , Another branch of Caleb’s posterity; 1 Chronicles 2 . 50 , The posterity of Caleb the son of Hur.
1 Chronicles 2:1
These were the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun,
1 Chronicles 2:1 · BSB
Reuben11 parallels
Reciprocal12 parallels
- Genesis 42:13 Thy servants
- Genesis 46:10 Simeon
- Genesis 46:11 Levi
- Genesis 46:12 Judah
- Genesis 46:13 Issachar
- Genesis 46:14 Zebulun
- Genesis 46:15 Leah
- Genesis 49:3 my firstborn
- Exodus 1:1 General
- 1 Chronicles 5:1 he was
- Matthew 1:2 Jacob begat
- Acts 7:8 and Jacob
am 2252 , etc. bc 1752 , etc
1 Chronicles 2:2
Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
1 Chronicles 2:2 · BSB
Dan1 parallel
Joseph1 parallel
Benjamin1 parallel
Naphtali1 parallel
Gad1 parallel
Asher8 parallels
Reciprocal8 parallels
- Genesis 35:22 Now the sons
- Genesis 46:16 sons of
- Genesis 46:19 Rachel
- Genesis 46:23 Dan
- Genesis 46:24 Naphtali
- Exodus 1:1 General
- Exodus 1:4 Dan
- Acts 7:8 and Jacob
1 Chronicles 2:3
The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, and Shelah. These three were born to him by Bath-shua the Canaanite. Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD, who put him to death.
1 Chronicles 2:3 · BSB
Reciprocal6 parallels
- Genesis 38:7 and the
- Numbers 26:20 Pharez
- 2 Samuel 19:42 Because
- 1 Chronicles 4:21 Shelah
- 1 Chronicles 29:24 all the sons
- Matthew 1:3 Judas
1 Chronicles 2:4
Tamar, Judah's daughter-in-law, bore to him Perez and Zerah. Judah had five sons in all.
1 Chronicles 2:4 · BSB
Tamar3 parallels
Pharez6 parallels
Zerah5 parallels
Reciprocal3 parallels
- Genesis 38:29 his name
- Joshua 7:17 General
- 1 Chronicles 2:6 General
1 Chronicles 2:5
The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.
1 Chronicles 2:5 · BSB
Hezron5 parallels
Reciprocal3 parallels
- 1 Chronicles 4:1 Pharez
- 1 Chronicles 9:4 Pharez
- Acts 7:14 threescore
1 Chronicles 2:6
The sons of Zerah: Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Calcol, and Dara—five in all.
1 Chronicles 2:6 · BSB
Zimri11 parallels
i.e. snug; my song; my field , [Strong's H2174]
the whole verse9 parallels
Zimri 1. Captain of Elah king of Israel , whom he slew and succeeded , bc 930
- 1 Kings 16:9-10 2. Captain of the Simeonites
- Numbers 25:14 3. Descendant of Judah by Tamar
- 1 Chronicles 2:4 4. Of the stock of Saul
- 1 Chronicles 8:36
- 1 Chronicles 9:42 5. A son of Zerah , the son of Judah , called Zabdi , which is apparently here called [Strong's H2174] , Zimri , in consequence of a , baith , being mistaken for a , mem , and a , daleth , for a , raish
- 1 Chronicles 2:6
- Joshua 7:1
- Joshua 7:17-18 6. A name applied to a tribe and supposed to refer to people in Eastern Arabia
- Jeremiah 25:25
Ethan8 parallels
i.e. perennial , constant; ancient , [Strong's H387]
the whole verse18 parallels
Ethan 1. An Israelite known for his wisdom , an Ezrahite , to whom Psalm 89 is attributed in its title
- 1 Kings 4:31 2. A son of Zerah , the son of Judah
- 1 Chronicles 2:6
- 1 Chronicles 2:8 3. A descendant of Gershon , the son of Levi
- 1 Chronicles 6:42 4. A descendant of Merari , the son of Levi
- 1 Chronicles 6:44
- 1 Chronicles 15:19 Heman . i.e. faithful , [Strong's H1968]
- 1 Chronicles 2:6
- 1 Chronicles 6:33
- 1 Chronicles 15:17
- 1 Chronicles 15:19
- 1 Chronicles 16:41-42
- 1 Chronicles 25:1
- 1 Chronicles 25:4-6
- 1 Kings 4:31
- 2 Chronicles 5:12
- 2 Chronicles 29:14
- 2 Chronicles 35:15
- Psalm 88:1 title
the whole verse6 parallels
Heman 1. A wise man who flourished before Solomon
- 1 Chronicles 2:6
- 1 Kings 4:31 2. A Levite of the Kohathites , a leader of David's choir
- 1 Chronicles 15:17
- 1 Chronicles 16:41-42 Psalm 88 . 1. See also Homam
- 1 Chronicles 1:39 Calcol . i.e. sustenance; comprehended , [Strong's H3633]
- 1 Kings 4:31
Reciprocal2 parallels
- 1 Chronicles 9:6 Zerah
- Acts 7:14 threescore
Dara i.e. pearl of wisdom , [Strong's H1873] , Darda , דרדע [Strong's H1862] , is here called Dara , דרע [Strong's H1873] , by the elision of a ד , daleth , Darda
1 Chronicles 2:7
The son of Carmi: Achar, who brought trouble upon Israel by violating the ban on devoted things.
1 Chronicles 2:7 · BSB
Carmi1 parallel
accursed6 parallels
Reciprocal1 parallel
- Genesis 34:30 Ye have
1 Chronicles 2:8
The son of Ethan: Azariah.
1 Chronicles 2:8 · BSB
Ethan1 parallel
Azariah1 parallel
1 Chronicles 2:9
The sons who were born to Hezron: Jerahmeel, Ram, and Caleb.
1 Chronicles 2:9 · BSB
Jerahmeel1 parallel
Ram3 parallels
Chelubai4 parallels
Reciprocal5 parallels
- 1 Samuel 27:10 the Jerahmeelites
- 1 Samuel 30:29 Jerahmeelites
- 1 Chronicles 4:1 Carmi
- 1 Chronicles 24:29 Jerahmeel
- Luke 3:33 Aminadab
1 Chronicles 2:10
Ram was the father of Amminadab, and Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, a leader of the descendants of Judah.
1 Chronicles 2:10 · BSB
Amminadab4 parallels
Nahshon8 parallels
Reciprocal3 parallels
- Exodus 6:23 Amminadab
- Ruth 2:1 Boaz
- 1 Samuel 16:1 Jesse
1 Chronicles 2:11
Nahshon was the father of Salmon, and Salmon was the father of Boaz.
1 Chronicles 2:11 · BSB
Salma4 parallels
- Ruth 4:21
- Matthew 1:4
- Matthew 1:5
- Luke 3:32 Salmon , Booz
Reciprocal3 parallels
- Genesis 46:11 Levi
- Numbers 1:7 Nahshon
- Ruth 2:5 General
1 Chronicles 2:12
Boaz was the father of Obed, and Obed was the father of Jesse.
1 Chronicles 2:12 · BSB
Jesse9 parallels
1 Chronicles 2:13
Jesse was the father of Eliab his firstborn; Abinadab was born second, Shimea third,
1 Chronicles 2:13 · BSB
his firstborn3 parallels
Eliab1 parallel
- 1 Chronicles 27:18 Elihu
Shimma2 parallels
- 1 Chronicles 20:7 Shimea
- 1 Samuel 16:9 Shammah
Reciprocal7 parallels
- 1 Samuel 16:8 Abinadab
- 1 Samuel 16:10 seven
- 1 Samuel 17:12 eight sons
- 2 Samuel 2:32 buried
- 2 Samuel 17:25 Nahash
- 2 Samuel 21:21 Shimeah
- 2 Chronicles 11:18 Eliab
1 Chronicles 2:15
Ozem sixth, and David seventh.
1 Chronicles 2:15 · BSB
David3 parallels
It appears from the parallel places of Samuel , that Jesse had eight sons , of whom David was the eighth and youngest; but one may have died before David came to the throne
Reciprocal6 parallels
- Judges 1:16 the Kenite
- Ruth 4:22 David
- 1 Samuel 26:6 Zeruiah
- 2 Samuel 2:18 three
- 2 Samuel 3:39 the sons
- Matthew 1:6 Jesse
1 Chronicles 2:16
Their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. And the three sons of Zeruiah were Abishai, Joab, and Asahel.
1 Chronicles 2:16 · BSB
the sons of5 parallels
Reciprocal8 parallels
- Genesis 46:11 Levi
- 2 Samuel 2:13 Joab
- 2 Samuel 14:1 Joab
- 2 Samuel 17:25 Ithra
- 2 Samuel 19:13 Amasa
- 2 Samuel 23:18 Abishai
- 1 Chronicles 11:20 Abishai
- 1 Chronicles 18:12 Moreover
1 Chronicles 2:17
Abigail was the mother of Amasa, whose father was Jether the Ishmaelite.
1 Chronicles 2:17 · BSB
Jether1 parallel
Jether , יתר [Strong's H3500] , is essentially the same with יתרא [Strong's H3501] , Ithra , the latter only having the addition of an א aleph; and it is probable , that he was an Ishmaelite by birth but an Israelite by religion
- 2 Samuel 17:25 Ithra an Israelite
Reciprocal1 parallel
- 1 Chronicles 12:18 came upon Amasai
Ishmeelite [Strong's H3459] a descendant of Ishmael
1 Chronicles 2:18
Caleb son of Hezron had children by his wife Azubah and by Jerioth. These were the sons of Azubah: Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
1 Chronicles 2:18 · BSB
Caleb2 parallels
Caleb , כלב , [Strong's H3612] , is the same as Chelubai , כלובי [Strong's H3621] , the latter simply having a ו , wav inserted , and a י , yood affixed. This person must have lived some time before Israel left Egypt; for Bezaleel , the principal person employed in constructing the tabernacle , was his grandson
- 1 Chronicles 2:9 Chelubai
- 1 Chronicles 2:42
Reciprocal3 parallels
- 1 Chronicles 2:24 Calebephratah
- 1 Chronicles 2:46 Caleb's
- 1 Chronicles 4:1 Carmi
am 2534 , etc. bc 1470 , etc
1 Chronicles 2:19
When Azubah died, Caleb married Ephrath, who bore to him Hur.
1 Chronicles 2:19 · BSB
Ephrath4 parallels
Reciprocal8 parallels
- Genesis 35:16 Ephrath
- Exodus 31:2 Bezaleel
- 2 Samuel 24:11 Gad
- 1 Kings 11:26 an Ephrathite
- 1 Chronicles 2:9 Chelubai
- 1 Chronicles 2:42 Caleb
- 1 Chronicles 2:46 Caleb's
- 2 Chronicles 1:5 Bezaleel
1 Chronicles 2:20
Hur was the father of Uri, and Uri was the father of Bezalel.
1 Chronicles 2:20 · BSB
Bezaleel6 parallels
Reciprocal1 parallel
- 1 Chronicles 2:50 Ephratah
1 Chronicles 2:21
Later, Hezron slept with the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead. He had married her when he was sixty years old, and she bore to him Segub.
1 Chronicles 2:21 · BSB
Reciprocal4 parallels
- Numbers 32:41 Jair
- Deuteronomy 3:14 Jair
- Joshua 13:30 General
- 1 Chronicles 7:14 Machir
married Heb. took
1 Chronicles 2:22
Segub was the father of Jair, who had twenty-three cities in the land of Gilead.
1 Chronicles 2:22 · BSB
Jair3 parallels
1 Chronicles 2:23
But Geshur and Aram captured Havvoth-jair, along with Kenath and its sixty surrounding villages. All these were descendants of Machir the father of Gilead.
1 Chronicles 2:23 · BSB
Geshur2 parallels
Reciprocal6 parallels
- Joshua 13:11 General
- Joshua 17:1 Machir
- 1 Samuel 27:8 the Geshurites
- 1 Chronicles 2:42 the father of Hebron
- 1 Chronicles 3:2 Geshur
- 1 Chronicles 9:35 the father
Kenath Kenath was situated in the tribe of Manasseh , east of Jordan. Eusebius says it was called in his time בםבטב , Kanatha; and was a town in the Trachonitis , near Bozra. Josephus places it in Coelo-syria; and Pliny reckons it among the cities of the Decapolis. It was also called Nobah , after Nobah an Israelite , who conquered it (Numbers 32 . 42) , which is placed by Eusebius , eight miles south of Heshbon. see note on Judges 8 . 11.
1 Chronicles 2:24
After Hezron died in Caleb-ephrathah, his wife Abijah bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.
1 Chronicles 2:24 · BSB
Calebephratah4 parallels
Ashur1 parallel
Tekoa2 parallels
Reciprocal2 parallels
- 1 Chronicles 2:42 Caleb
- 1 Chronicles 9:35 the father
1 Chronicles 2:25
The sons of Jerahmeel the firstborn of Hezron: Ram his firstborn, Bunah, Oren, Ozem, and Ahijah.
1 Chronicles 2:25 · BSB
the sons of1 parallel
Of the persons mentioned in
- 1 Chronicles 2:25-33 nothing more is recorded or known
Jerahmeel1 parallel
Reciprocal4 parallels
- 1 Samuel 27:10 the Jerahmeelites
- 1 Samuel 30:29 Jerahmeelites
- 1 Chronicles 2:27 Ram
- 1 Chronicles 8:6 Manahath
1 Chronicles 2:26
Jerahmeel had another wife named Atarah, who was the mother of Onam.
1 Chronicles 2:26 · BSB
Reciprocal1 parallel
- 1 Chronicles 2:28 Onam
1 Chronicles 2:27
The sons of Ram the firstborn of Jerahmeel: Maaz, Jamin, and Eker.
1 Chronicles 2:27 · BSB
Ram1 parallel
1 Chronicles 2:28
The sons of Onam: Shammai and Jada. The sons of Shammai: Nadab and Abishur.
1 Chronicles 2:28 · BSB
Onam1 parallel
Reciprocal1 parallel
- 1 Chronicles 2:30 Nadab
1 Chronicles 2:30
The sons of Nadab: Seled and Appaim. Seled died without children.
1 Chronicles 2:30 · BSB
Nadab1 parallel
Reciprocal1 parallel
- 1 Chronicles 2:32 General
1 Chronicles 2:31
The son of Appaim: Ishi. The son of Ishi: Sheshan. The son of Sheshan: Ahlai.
1 Chronicles 2:31 · BSB
the children of Sheshan2 parallels
1 Chronicles 2:32
The sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan. Jether died without children.
1 Chronicles 2:32 · BSB
the whole verse1 parallel
1 Chronicles 2:33
The sons of Jonathan: Peleth and Zaza. These were the descendants of Jerahmeel.
1 Chronicles 2:33 · BSB
Peleth1 parallel
Zaza i.e. going back; brightness; fulness , [Strong's H2117].
1 Chronicles 2:34
Sheshan had no sons, but only daughters; but he did have an Egyptian servant named Jarha.
1 Chronicles 2:34 · BSB
no sons3 parallels
but daughters3 parallels
Reciprocal1 parallel
- 1 Chronicles 2:31 the children of Sheshan
1 Chronicles 2:35
Sheshan gave his daughter in marriage to his servant Jarha, and she bore to him Attai.
1 Chronicles 2:35 · BSB
his daughter1 parallel
Attai3 parallels
i.e. opportune , [Strong's H6262]
the whole verse4 parallels
Attai 1. Son of Jarha , father of Nathan
- 1 Chronicles 2:35
- 1 Chronicles 2:36 2. One who came to David to Ziklan
- 1 Chronicles 12:11 3. Son of Rehoboam by Maachah
- 2 Chronicles 11:20
Reciprocal1 parallel
- 1 Chronicles 2:34 Jarha
Sheshan When the people of the East have no sons , they frequently marry their daughters to their slaves , even when they have much property to bestow upon them. Hassan had been the slave of Kamel , his predecessor; but Kamel , according to the custom of the country , gave him one of his daughters in marriage , and left him at his death one part of his great riches which he had amassed in the course of a long and prosperous life . Maillet , Lett. xi. p. 118.
1 Chronicles 2:36
Attai was the father of Nathan, Nathan was the father of Zabad,
1 Chronicles 2:36 · BSB
Zabad1 parallel
Reciprocal1 parallel
- 1 Chronicles 2:35 Attai
1 Chronicles 2:37
Zabad was the father of Ephlal, Ephlal was the father of Obed,
1 Chronicles 2:37 · BSB
Obed1 parallel
Ephlal i.e. intercession , [Strong's H654]
1 Chronicles 2:38
Obed was the father of Jehu, Jehu was the father of Azariah,
1 Chronicles 2:38 · BSB
Jehu1 parallel
Azariah2 parallels
1 Chronicles 2:39
Azariah was the father of Helez, Helez was the father of Elasah,
1 Chronicles 2:39 · BSB
the whole verse9 parallels
Helez 1. One of David's valiant men
- 1 Chronicles 11:27
- 2 Samuel 23:26 2. A descendant of Jerahmeel
- 1 Chronicles 2:39 Eleasah . i.e. God has wrought , [Strong's H501]
- 1 Chronicles 2:39
- 1 Chronicles 2:40
- 1 Chronicles 8:37
- 1 Chronicles 9:43
- Ezra 10:22
- Jeremiah 29:3
the whole verse4 parallels
Eleasah 1. Descended from Sheshan's daughter
- 1 Chronicles 2:39 2. One of the stock of Saul
- 1 Chronicles 8:37
- 1 Chronicles 9:43 3. Rendered "Elasah , " the bearer of Jeremiah's letter to the captives in Babylon
- Jeremiah 29:3
1 Chronicles 2:40
Elasah was the father of Sismai, Sismai was the father of Shallum,
1 Chronicles 2:40 · BSB
Shallum1 parallel
Reciprocal1 parallel
- 1 Chronicles 2:39 General
Sisamai i.e. distinguished one; swallow , [Strong's H5581].
1 Chronicles 2:41
Shallum was the father of Jekamiah, and Jekamiah was the father of Elishama.
1 Chronicles 2:41 · BSB
Elishama2 parallels
1 Chronicles 2:42
The sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel: Mesha his firstborn, who was the father of Ziph, and Mareshah his second son, who was the father of Hebron.
1 Chronicles 2:42 · BSB
Caleb4 parallels
This was not Caleb the son of Jephunneh , but Caleb the son of Hezron , and therefore called the brother of Jerahmeel. See the parallel texts
his firstborn5 parallels
Ziph3 parallels
the father of Hebron8 parallels
Reciprocal1 parallel
- 1 Chronicles 4:18 the father of
the father i.e. the founder , Or , as the Targum renders , "the prince of the Ziphites;" for it was usual to call both the founder and the prince of a city its father.
1 Chronicles 2:44
Shema was the father of Raham the father of Jorkeam, and Rekem was the father of Shammai.
1 Chronicles 2:44 · BSB
Raham i.e. compassionate , [Strong's H7357]
1 Chronicles 2:45
The son of Shammai was Maon, and Maon was the father of Beth-zur.
1 Chronicles 2:45 · BSB
Bethzur4 parallels
Beth-zur was situated in the tribe of Judah , twenty miles south from Jerusalem , towards Hebron , according to Eusebius. It was fortified by Rehoboam
- 2 Chronicles 11:7 and was a fortress of great consequence , principally in the time of the Maccabees. 1; Mac
- 1 Chronicles 4:28
- 1 Chronicles 6:7 etc
- Joshua 15:58
Reciprocal3 parallels
- 1 Chronicles 2:42 the father of Hebron
- 1 Chronicles 9:35 the father
- Nehemiah 3:16 Bethzur
1 Chronicles 2:46
Caleb’s concubine Ephah was the mother of Haran, Moza, and Gazez. Haran was the father of Gazez.
1 Chronicles 2:46 · BSB
Caleb's3 parallels
1 Chronicles 2:48
Caleb’s concubine Maacah was the mother of Sheber and Tirhanah.
1 Chronicles 2:48 · BSB
concubine3 parallels
Reciprocal1 parallel
- Jeremiah 40:8 Maachathite
1 Chronicles 2:49
She was also the mother of Shaaph father of Madmannah, and of Sheva father of Machbenah and Gibea. Caleb’s daughter was Acsah.
1 Chronicles 2:49 · BSB
the father of Madmannah3 parallels
- 1 Chronicles 2:42 Madmannah was a city situated in the southern part of Judah , and towards Gaza , according to Eusebius
- Joshua 15:31
- Isaiah 10:31 Madmenah
Gibea2 parallels
It is probable this was not Gibeah of Benjamin , and the royal residence of Saul , but Gibeah in the tribe of Judah , to which all these other cities belonged
- Joshua 15:57
- 2 Samuel 21:6 Gibeah
Reciprocal2 parallels
- Joshua 15:17 Achsah
- 1 Chronicles 8:13 the fathers
1 Chronicles 2:50
These were the descendants of Caleb. The sons of Hur the firstborn of Ephrathah: Shobal the father of Kiriath-jearim,
1 Chronicles 2:50 · BSB
Ephratah2 parallels
Kirjathjearim6 parallels
Reciprocal6 parallels
- Genesis 4:20 the
- 1 Chronicles 4:4 Hur
- 1 Chronicles 8:13 the fathers
- 1 Chronicles 9:35 the father
- Ezra 2:21 Bethlehem
- Micah 5:2 Ephratah
Caleb This Caleb was the grandson of the preceding , and brother to Uri , the father of Bezaleel.
1 Chronicles 2:51
Salma the father of Bethlehem, and Hareph the father of Beth-gader.
1 Chronicles 2:51 · BSB
Salma1 parallel
Bethlehem7 parallels
Reciprocal2 parallels
- 1 Chronicles 2:54 Bethlehem
- Micah 5:2 Ephratah
1 Chronicles 2:52
These were the descendants of Shobal the father of Kiriath-jearim: Haroeh, half the Manahathites,
1 Chronicles 2:52 · BSB
Haroeh1 parallel
or , Reaiah
- 1 Chronicles 4:2 as Haroeh and Reaiah have nearly the same signification , it is probable they were deemed perfectly interchangeable , and indifferently applied
Reciprocal2 parallels
- 1 Chronicles 2:42 the father of Hebron
- 1 Chronicles 8:13 the fathers
half of the Manahethites or , half of the Menuchites , or , Hatsihammenuchoth.
1 Chronicles 2:53
and the clans of Kiriath-jearim—the Ithrites, Puthites, Shumathites, and Mishraites. From these descended the Zorathites and Eshtaolites.
1 Chronicles 2:53 · BSB
Ithrites2 parallels
the Zareathites5 parallels
Reciprocal2 parallels
- 1 Chronicles 2:50 Kirjathjearim
- 1 Chronicles 4:2 Zorathites
1 Chronicles 2:54
The descendants of Salma: Bethlehem, the Netophathites, Atroth-beth-joab, half the Manahathites, the Zorites,
1 Chronicles 2:54 · BSB
Bethlehem1 parallel
Netophathites5 parallels
Reciprocal5 parallels
- 1 Chronicles 4:2 Zorathites
- 1 Chronicles 8:6 Manahath
- 1 Chronicles 9:16 Netophathites
- Jeremiah 40:8 Netophathite
- Micah 5:2 Ephratah
1 Chronicles 2:55
and the clans of the scribes who lived at Jabez—the Tirathites, Shimeathites, and Sucathites. These are the Kenites who came from Hammath, the father of the house of Rechab.
1 Chronicles 2:55 · BSB
the scribes2 parallels
Jabez2 parallels
Kenites3 parallels
Rechab3 parallels
Reciprocal1 parallel
- Jeremiah 35:6 Jonadab
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge is the classical cross-reference layer — centuries of catchword parallels beneath the site’s quotations, allusions, and echoes. Every reference above also flows into the wider web of connections.